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Frontispiece. 




PROF. WM. B. ELLIOTT. 



MAN AN OPEN BOOK 



OR 



HOW TO' KNOW CHARACTER AND DEFINE IT 

LITERALLY, ESPECIALLY IN RELATION TO 

THE CARNAL AND SPIRITUAL NATURES. 

BEING A SERIES OF TEXTS AND ESSAYS ON 

CRANIOGNOMY, 

INCLUDING 

BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, TEMPERAMENTS, 
HEREDITY AND METAPHYSICS. 



THE WAY MADE PLAIN, SCIENCE AND THE BIBLE AGREEING 

INDICATING HOW A RIGHT GROWTH OF CHARACTER 

MAY BE ATTAINED. 



BY 

vA v> 

JAMES S. DOOLITTLE, 



SOLD BY SUBSCRIPTION. 



PHILADELPHIA : 
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 

31 South Second Street. 

1893 









ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 1891, 

BY JAMES S. DOOLITTLE IN THE OFFICE OF THE 

LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON. 



^ 






TYPOGRAPHY OF FOOD, HOME AND GARDEN, 310 CHESTNUT ST. 
PHILADELPHIA. ELECTROTYPED BY HANSON BROTHERS. 



CONTENTS. 

INTRODUCTION. 
Historical, Explanatory . . . 33 

CHAPTER I 

Anatomy of the Skull and Brain, 

General Principles and Divisions 49 

CHAPTER II 

Organs of the Perceptive Facul- 
ties, Seven: Individuality, Form, 
Size, Weight, Color, Order, Num- 
ber ........ 67 

CHAPTER III 

Special Organs of the Memory, Se- 
ven: ^Eventuality, Locality, Direc- 
tion, Time, Memory of Names, 
Tune, Language . ........ ■. .. ... . J 7 

9 



IO 

CHAPTER IV 

Organs of the Reflective Facul- 
ties, Two : Reason, Understanding 87 

CHAPTER V 

Organs of the Spiritual Faculties, 
Four : Beneficence, Benevolence, 
Veneration, Hope .... 97 

CHAPTER VI 

Organs of the ^Esthetic Faculties, 
Seven :, Wit, Mirthfulness, Imita- 
tion, Wonder, Fancy, Ideality, 
Constrnctiveness . . .....' . 107 

CHAPTER VII 

Organs of the Moral Faculties, Six : 
Firmness, Self-esteem, Convention- 
ality, Approbativeness, Cautious- 
ness, Watchfulness 117 

CHAPTER VIII 

Organs of thc Animal Nature, Six : 
Alimentiveness, Acquisitiveness, 
Destructiveness, Secretiveness, 

Combativeness, Bibativeness . ♦ 127 



II 

CHAPTER IX 
Organs of the Domestic Faculties, 
Seven : Continuity, Inhabitiveness, 
Adhesiveness, Philoprogenitive- 
ness, Conjugality, Tenacity, Ama- 
tiveness 137 

CHAPTER X 
Summary and Physiognomy : Intellect- 
ual Spiritual, Intellectual Moral, 
Intellectual Animal, Indications of 
the Chin, Mouth, Lips, Eyes, 
Cheek and Nose 147 

CHAPTER XI 
Combinations and General Princi- 
ples: Heart, Will, Perceptives, 
Mind 163 

CHAPTER XII 
The Spiritually Minded Head . 171 

CHAPTER XIII 
The Carnally Minded Head. . .181 

CHAPTER XIV 
The Hope Head 191 

CHAPTER XV 
The Conventional Head . . . 201 



12 

CHAPTER XVI 
The Approbative Head . . . 209 

CHAPTER XVII 
Business and Profession . . . 219 

CHAPTER XVIII 

General Remarks on Temperaments. 239 

CHAPTER XIX 

Temperaments : Names and Classes : 

Sanguine and Bilious Considered. 245 

CHAPTER XX 

Consideration of Temperaments Con- 
tinued : Sanguine-Bilious, Lym- 
phatic, Encephalic 259 

CHAPTER XXI 

Consideration of Temperaments 
Continued : Sanguine-Encephalic, 
Sanguine-Lymphatic, Bilious- 

Encephalic, Bilious-Lymphatic, 
Sanguine-Bilious-Encephalic, San- 
guine-Bilious-L3^mphatic,Sanguine- 
Encephalic - Lymphatic, Bilious- 
Encephalic-Lymphatic, Sanguine- 
Bilious-Encephalic-Lymphatic . . 279 



13 
CHAPTER XXII 
Heredity and Temperamental, Mar- 
riage : Vital Tenacity, Heredity, 
Life Line, Vital Vigor . . .319 

CHAPTER XXIII 
Metaphysics: Spiritual Truths Ap- 
plied to the Living Head . . 339 

CHAPTER XXIV 

Metaphysics : Spiritual Harmony Es- 
sential to Salvation . . . . 351 



INDEX. 



Acids predominate ... ... 

Acquisitiveness, Function of 

" " Necessary 

Actions, Modified ... 
Adhesiveness, Function of 
Esthetic Organs L,arge, Illustrated 
Aggressiveness, Change from 
Alexander VI. Head, Outline of 
Alimentiveness, Function of 
Alive, Spiritually 
Alkalies predominate 
Amativeness, Function of 
Analogical organ 
Analytical organ 
Ancestor, Which 

Animal Nature, Organs of, large, Illustrated 
Animals, Domestic 

" " Breeding of 

Wild 
Apprehensive organ 
Approbativeness, Function of 

" leading 

Archnoid, Definition of ... 



252 

... 132 

133 

... 207 

142 

no, III 

207 

62 

132 

... 342 

256 

... 143 

93 

94 

332 

130, 131 

322 

... 328 

133 

94 

125 

... 216 

56 



Banner given 

Belief, Desire to put, into Action 

" is not faith 

" Organ of 

Benevolence, Function of 
Beneficence, " " 

Bibativeness, " " 

Bible, Open and plain 

" Truths of the 
Birds represent high thoughts 



359 
124 

357 
124 
103 

102 
134 

44 
342 
348 



15 



i6 



Brain, Composed of 

Diseased 

Fibers of 

functions alike 

harmoniously developed 

Proportion of 

Quality of 

Superiority of, depends on proportionate development 

Supremacy of 

Weight of 

While one, many parts 
Book, Living 



57 

242 

^5 
54 
66 

59 
65 
65 

161 

57 
37 
66 



Campbell, Bartley, Portrait 

Sketch 
Cannon, George Q., Portrait 

" Sketch 
Castles, Imaginary 
Causality (Phrenology) 
Cautiousness, Function of 
Cerebellum, Larg-e ... 

" Small 

Ceremonies, Love of 
Character, Activity of ... 

Agreeable 

Change from 
" in 

of ... 

Conditions of 

Delineation " 

Dreamy 

Drinking 

Executive 

Heavenly 

Individual 

Living 

Lost 

Modify the ... 

not indicated 

Pre-natal 

Principles of 

Quality of ... 

Stability of 

Vascillating ... 

Want of balance 

Winning 
Characters at war 

" Feeble minded 
" Transform 



of 



282 
... 283 

288 
... 289 

199 
92 

126 
251, 256 
271, 285 
... 124 

206 
... 199 

198 

... 216 

64 

... 329 

360 
... 199 

136 

207 

41 

... 115 

345 
... 346 

231 
... 166 

321 

... 326 

66 

... 123 

199 
... 169 

214 
... 152 

244 
... 65 



*7 

Characteristics, Inherited ... ... ... 64, 225, 327, 333 

" Physical ... ... ... ... ... 329 

" shall prevail ... ... ... ... 170 

" Transmitted ... ... ... ... ... 324 

Virtuous ... ... ... ... ... 323 

Child, Pre-natal existence of... ... ... ... ... 324 

Children, Healthy ... ... ... ... ... 330 

" inheriting Encephalic temperament ... ... ... 271 

Christianity, Ceremonies of ... ... ... ... 188 

" Consists of ... ... ... ... ... 178 

" Teacher of ... ... ... ... ... 102 

" True ... ... ... ... ... ... 40 

Christian Science ... ... ... ... ... 4c 

Christ, Likeness of ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 

„ spirit of... ... ... ... ... ... 347 

Climate, Damp ... ... ... ... ... ... 135 

Climate, Dry ... ... ... ... .. ... 135 

Climate, Producing ... ... ... ... ... ... 257 

Color, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 75 

Combativeness, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 134 

Comparison (Phrenology) ... ... ... ... 92 

Composure, Outward ... ... ... ... ... 125 

Comprehensive Being too ... ... ... ... 237 

" organ ... ... ... ... ... 93 

Conjugality, Function of ... ... ... ... 143 

" Living in ... ... ... ... ... 143 

Conscience, Listening to ... ... ... ... 178 

" Organ ot ... ... ... .-.. ... 94 

Conscientiousness (Phrenology) ... ... ... ... 124 

Constitution, Good ... ... ... ... ... 334 

" Sickly ... ... ... ... ... 334 

Constructiveness, Function of ... ... ... ... 115 

Continuity, " " ... ... ... ... 142 

Continence, In the matter of ... ... ... ... 324 

Conventionalities, Not bound by ... ... ... ... 105 

Conventionality, Function of ... ... ... ... 123 

Convolutions, Deeper ... ... ... ... ... 58 

Cornwell, W. C, Portrait of ... ... ... ... no 

" " " Sketch " ... ... ... ... in 

Courage, Moral, ... ... ... ... ... ... 134 

Covetousness, Organ of, ... ... ... ... 133 

which is idolatry ... ... ... ... 104 

"Cramming" in schools ... ... ... ... 83 

Craniognomy applied ... ... ... ... ... 41 

connected with Bible truth ... ... ... 44 

" makes a clear distinction ... ... ... 40 

" offers a course in understanding ... ... 41 



i8 

Craniognomy, Origin of ... ... ... ... ... 43 

" Superiority of ... ... ... ... 38 

Creature born again ... ... ... ... ... 357 

Criminals, Most, have Conventionality large ... ... 125 

Critical, The zeal of the ... ... ... ... ... 35 

Darkness represents the carnal nature ... ... ... 343 

Death, Passed from ... ... ... ... ... 358 

Deductive, Organ of the ... ... ... ... 93, 230 

Deliberation, Act with ... ... ... ... ... 104 

Delineation, Accuracy in, ... ... ... ... 242 

Destructiveness, Function of ... ... ... ... 133 

Devil, Definition of ... ... ... ... ... 47 

" likeness, representing the carnal nature ... ... 342 

Diploe, Definition of ... ... ... ... ... 54 

Direction, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 84 

Divine, Conformity to the ... ... ■ ... ... 244 

Divisions, Basil ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 

" Coronal ... ... ... ... ... 60 

" Craniognomical, Illustrated ... ... ... 62 

" Frontal ... ... ... ... ... 59 

" Occipital ... ... ... ... ... 59 

Dodge, William E-, Portrait of ... ... ... ... 100 

" Sketch " ... ... ... ... 101 

Domestic organs, Illustrated ... ... ... ... 140, 141 

Doolittle, Henry H., Reference to ... ... ... ... 45 

Dura Mater, Definition of ... ... ... ... 56 

Duty, I<ove of is not conscience ... , ... ... ... 124 

Eden, The Garden of ... ... ... ... ... 346 

Elliott William B., Prof., Portrait of, Frontispiece ... ... 6 

" " " Sketch " ... ... ... 43 

Encephalic, To restrain the ... ... ... ... 276 

Environments, Factors in moulding character .„ ... 64 

Eventuality, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 83 

Evil, Spirit of ... ... ... ... ... ... 324 

Examination, Self ... ... ... ... ... ... 226 



Face, Poles of the 



Facts, Get all the 



Well established 



Faith cure 



157 



Factors, Perceptives are powerful, in business ... ... 230 



59 



Settled ... ... ... ... ... ... 328 



323 



Faculties, All of the, to be used ... ... ... ... 166 



40 



" Definition of ... ... ... ... ... ... 46 

" Man of ... ... ... ... ... ... 35 6 

" Principle of .. ... ... ... ... 356 

" Substance " ... ... ... ... ... 35 6 

Fancy, Function " ... ... ... ... ... II4 



19 



Father, The, should help the mother 
Features, Characteristics reflected in 
Female, Domestic organs largest in the 
Finley, Gen. Jesse, Portrait of 
" Sketch " 
Firmness, Function of ... 

" I/arge, indispensable 

Form, Function of 
Freedom, Delight in, 
Fruit, Bring forth, 
" Wrong 

Generations, Succeeding 
Genius, Inventive 
God, Fnmity to and love to 
Godlikeness, Having the form of 

" Man may develope into 

" Representing principles of truth ... 

God, Kingdom of 

" People of 

" Servants of ,.. 

" Works of 
Grace, Growth in 
Gray's Anatomy, Quotation from 
Gray, William C, Ph. D., Portrait of 
" " " Sketch " 

Growth, Right ... 

Hastings, Rev. Thomas. D.D., Portrait of 

" " Sketch " ... 

Head, The Approbative, illustrated 
" " Business, " 

" " Business and Professional, illustrated 

" " Carnally Minded, " 

" " Conventional, " 

" " Hope, " 

" " Professional " 

" " Spiritually Minded, " 

" " Whole, ... 

Health, Broken down 

Heart, Change of ... 
" Definition of the ... 
" evolves the thoughts ... 
" Organ of the 
" Qualities of the 

Heaven, Definition of 

Hell, Definition of ... 

Hope, Definition of principle of ... 
" Function of the organ of 

Humanity, Condition of 





325 
157 




145 




155 




154 




122 




230 




74 




179 




35 




226 




38 




114 




323 




106 




342 




342 




178 




io5 




279 




177 




54 




266 




150 




151 


354, 


359 




70 




7i 


212 


213 


222 


223 


234 


235 


184, 185 


204 


205 


194 


195 


228 


229 


174 


175 




238 




83 




357 




45 




230 




114 




177 




47 




47 




46 




104 




323 



20 



Humanity, Perfect type of ... 
Humility, Veneration a faculty of 

Ideality, Function of 
Imitation, " " 

Imagination, Distinction between, and inspiration 
The 

" " largest 

Individuality, Consciousness of ... 

" Function of 

Inductive, Organ of understanding is 
Ingalls, John G., Portrait of 

" " Sketch 
Inhabitiveness, Function of 
Inheritance, Indicate masculine and feminine 

" from both parents, 

Intellect, Home of the ... 
Intellectual, Animal, Illustrated 
Intellectuality, Degree of 
Intellectual, Moral, Illustrated 

" Spiritual, " 

Intoxicants, Drinking 
Inspired by the things of the spirit 
Inspiration, Distinction between, and imagination 
Inspirational organ, Reason the 
Intuitive " " " 

Jackson, James C, M. D., Quotation from 
Jacques, D. H., M. D., " " , ... 

Jones, Jesse H., Rev., Portrait of 
" " " " Reference to 

Sketch of 

Keckler, A. T. & T. H., Quotation from 
Keen, Wm., Prof, M. D., Reference to 
Kilrain, Jake, Portrait of ... 

" Remarks on 
Knowledge, Definition of 

gives power 

Organs of 

Language, Function of ... 
Law, Natural, 

" Outward, ... 

" Principle of 
Lawyer, What a, requires 
Learning, Definition of 

" Organs of 
Life, Fternal 

" Godly, 

" Reproduction of 



... Z5Z 

104 


... 114 


113 


... 180 


114 


216 


225 


74 


94, 230 


262 


263 


... 143 


332 


- 333 


36 


158, 159 


57 


154, 155 


150, 151 


- 135 


179 


180 


93 


93 


321 


... 241 


304 


45 


305 


42 


242 


... 130 


131 


... 46 


55 


72 


85 


... 65 


122 


••• 237 


237 


... 46 


82 


- 358 


357 


... 324 



21 

Life, Source of ... ... ... ... ... 323 

Light, The great ..= ... ... ... ... ... 345 

" represents the heavenly nature ... ... ... 343 

Locality, Function of . . ... ... ... ... 84 

Logical, The organ of understanding is ... ... ... 94 

Love must be blended ... ... ... ... ... 326 

Lymph consists of white corpuscles ... ... ... 58 

Lymphatic Glands, ... ... ... ... ... ... 58 

Lymphatics, produced by civilization ... ... ... 266 

" The, constitute a system ... ... ... 266 

Man, By inner, is meant the invisible spirit ... ... ... 356 

" Must use ... ... ... ... ... ... 347 

" Perfection of ... ... ... ... ... ... 360 

" Physical ... ... ... ... ... ... 35 

" Relation, sustains to the Divine ... ... ... 343 

" the greatest work of the Creator ... ... ... 35 

" The study of ... ... ... ... ... ... 153 

Marriages, Consanguine ... ... ... ... ... 328 

Mastoid process, Definition of ... ... ... ... 55 

Materialists constitute the mass of mankind ... ... 33 

Mc Kee, Mrs. Mary, Portrait of ... ... ... ... 212 

" " " " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 213 

Mc Leod, A. A., Portrait of ... ... ... „.. ... 313 

" " " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 314 

Median Line, The ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 

Medulla Oblongata, The ... ... ... ... 56 

Memory, Follow the ... ... ... ... ... 208 

" Large, Illustrated ... ... ... ... 80, 81 

" likened unto a vessel ... ... ... ... 83 

" of names, Function of the organ of ... ... 85 

Mercy, Organ of ... ... ... ... ... .. 103 

" Way of... ... ... ... ... ... 232 

Mind, Definition of... ... ... ... ... ... 46 

Fixed ... ... ... ... ... ... 354 

" Transformed... ... ... ... ... ... 354 

Mirthfulness, Function of ... ... ... ... 113 

Mitchell, J. Weir, M. D., Portrait of ... ... ... ... 228 

" " " " Sketch of ... ... ... 229 

Modesty, Mock ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 

Moral organs large, illustrated ... ... ... ... 120, 121 

Morrison, William Hon., Portrait of ... ... ... ... 120 

" " " Sketch of ... ... ... 121 

Mortality, Connection with ... ... ... ... ... 358 

Mother by thought forms character ... ... ... 326 

" greatest factor in forming humanity ... ... ... 145 

Mutsu, Munemutsu, Portrait of ... ... ... ... 90 

" " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 91 

Nature. Animal, becomes subordinate ... ... ... 64 



22 

Nature, Corrupted ... ... ... .- ... ... 346 

Number, Function of ... ... ... .. ... 76 

Nutrition, Good ... ... ... ,., ... ... 132 

" More, to the system ... ... ... ... 266 

" Production of ... ... ... ... ... 270 

Oberlin's, Dr., head, outline of ... ... ... ... 62 

Occiput, Definition of ... ... . . ... ... 54 

Order, Function of ... .. ... ... ... 75 

Organism of animals ... ... ... ... ... 121 

" Physical ... ... ... ... ... 136 

Organisms, All depending upon ... .. ... ... 136 

Organism, The whole ... ... ... ... ... 136 

Organs, Centralized ... ... ... .. ... ... 60 

" Development of ... ... ... ... 38 

" Double ... ... ... ... ... ... 72 

" Groups of, Illustration ... ... .. ... 52 

" Inactive ... ... ... ... ... ... 64 

" Nearest to ... ... ... ... ... 167 

" of intellectual faculties ... ... ... ... 92 

" " knowledge ... ... ... ... ... 72 

" " learning... ... ... ... ... ... 82 

" " memory ... ... ... ... ... 82 

" " reasoning ... ... ... .... ... 92 

" " senses ... ... ... ... ... 72 

" Power of, Illustrated ... ... ... ... 62 

Originality, Organ of ... ... ... ... ... 114 

Parents become alike ... ... ... ... ... 333 

Patton, Francis L., D. D., LL. D. Portrait of ... ... 292 

" " " " " " " Sketch " ... ... 293 

Perception, Powers of, being great ... ... ... ... 72 

Perceptives, Importance of the ... ... ... ... 169 

I,arge, Illustrated ... ... ... ...70, 71 

" indicate power ... ... ... 73 

" small, Persons with ... ... ... ... 74 

Person, Aggressive ... ... ... ... ... 215 

" Brutish ... ... ... ... .. ... 189 

" a calculator, Indications of ... ... ... 215 

Persons become perverted ... .. ... ... ... 179 

" not practical ... ... ... ... ... 180 

. " Successful ... ... ... ... ... ... 238 

Philanthrophy, Organ of ... ... ... ... 103 

Philip II. 's Head, Outline of ... ... ... ... 62 

Philoprogenitiveness, Function of ... ... ... 142 

Philosopher, Organ for a ... ... ... ... ... 94 

Phrenology, Gall's system, Reference to ... ... ... 42 

Physiognomy, Reference to ... ... ... ... 157, 162 

Pia Mater, Definition of ... ... ... ... ... 56 

Pons Varolii, Definition of ... ... ... ... ... 59 



• 23 

Poore, Benjamin P., Portrait of ... ... ... ... 316 

" " " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 317 

Porter, Robert P., Portrait of ... ... ... ... 140 

" " " .Sketch of ... ... ... ... ... 141 

Powell, Prof. William Byrd, Quotation from... ... 252,265,336 

" " " " Reference to ... ... ... 42 

Powers, Hon. O. W., Portrait of ... ... ... ... 204 

" " " " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 205 

Practicability, Organ of ... ... ... ... ... 123 

Probst, Antoine, Portrait of ... ... ... ... ... 159 

" " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 158 

Progeny, Effect upon ... ... ... ... ... 331 

Propensities, The, indicating power ... ... ... 199 

Prophetical, Organ of Reason is ... ... ... ... 94 

Purity essential in lives ... ... ... ... 325 

Race, Perpetuity of ... ... ... ... ... ... 265 

Realities, Living, in relation to God ... ... ... 178 

Reason, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 92 

" is comprehensive ... ... ... ... 93 

Reflection, Change in the ... ... ... ... ... 198 

Refiectives, Large, Illustrated ... ... ... ... 90, 91 

Reformers, Organ for ... ... ... ... ... 105 

Retentive, Perceptives, (Phrenology) ... ... ... 82 

Richmond, Jewett M., Portrait of ... ... ... ... 274 

" " " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 275 

Rockefeller, William, Portrait of .:. ... ... ... 222 

" " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 223 

Satan, Spirit of ... ... ... ... ... ... 347 

Scientists, Organ for ... ... ... ... ... 94 

Scorners, Persons called ... ... ... ... ... 106 

Scriptures, Literal interpretation of the ... ... ... 343 

Secretiveness, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 133 

Seed sown in early life ... ... ... ... ... 225 

Self-esteem, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 123 

Servants sealed in foreheads ... ... ... ... 359 

" Useful ... ... ... ... ... ... 132 

Sexes, Comparability of ... ... ... ... ... 332 

" Knowledge of ... ... ... ... ... 327 

" Union of... ... ... ... ... ... 329 

Sharp, Jacob, Portrait of ... ... ... ... ... 184 

" " Sketch of... ... ... ... ... 185 

Sherman, Gen. William T., Portrait of ... ... ... 300 

" " Sketch of ... ... ... 301 

Sinus, Frontal ... ... ... ... ... ... 55 

" Longitudinal ... ... ... ... ... 55 

" To distinguish large ... ... ... ... ... 55 

Size, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 75 

Skull, Bones of the, Illustrated ... ... ... ... 52 



24 



Skull, Tables of the 
Sluci, Definition of ... 
Small, Rev. Samuel W., Portrait of 

" Sketch of 
Smith, Jem, Portrait of ... 

" " Remarks on 

Soul, Definition of 

" Person called a dead 
Sowing, The returns of, come soon 
Spirit asleep 

" Bidding of the 

" Oneness " " 
Spirituality, (Phrenology) 
Spiritual organs large, Illustrated 
Stockham, Alice B., M. D., Portrait of 
" Sketch of ... 
Stuart George H., Portrait of 

" " " Sketch of 

Structure, Harmonious ... 

" Intellectual 

Study, Order of 
Suavity, (Phrenology) 

Suggestions as to right growth of character 
Sutures, Definition of 

Talents differently developed 
Temperament, Bilious 

" " Encephalic ... ' 

" " " Lymphatic 

Lymphatic 
" Definition of ... 

" Encephalic 

Highest type of 
" Lymphatic 

Masculine, Femine 
" Sanguine 

Bilious 

" Encephalic 
" " Lymphatic 

" Lymphatic 
Encephalic ... 

" Lpmphatic 

Lymphatic ... 
Temperaments, Non Vital 

" of opposite class 

" Sanguine and Bilious, original 

Tenacity can be acquired 

" Function of organ of ... 
" vital, Mental toil develops 

" " not vital vigor ... 



54 

57 

194 

... 195 

13c 

... 131 

46 

... 73, 82 

348 

... 179 

177 

93 

"3 

no, III 

234 

- 235 
174 

- 175 
167 

... 152 
27 
95 
3i 
54 

37 
254, 255 
292, 293 
312, 313 
295, 297 
... 241 
274, 275 
264 
288, 289 

- 332 
248, 249 
262, 263 
300, 301 
316, 317 
304,305 
282, 283 
308, 309 
288, 289 

265 
33o 
251, 252 
• 336 
144 
336 
334 



25 

Time, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 185 

" Now the only ... ... ... ... ... 358 

Truth, Necessity of applying the ... ... ... 341 

Understanding, Definition of ... ... ... ... 46 

" Function of organ of ... ... ... 94 

Unseen, Persons adapted for the ... ... ... ... 105 

Vanity, Organ of ... ... ... ... ... I2 5 

Veneration, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 103 

" Phase of ... ... ... ... ... 104 

Vigor, Animal ... ... ... ... ... ... 144 

" Mental ... ... ... ... ... ... 33I 

" Vital, can be acquired ... ... ... ... 336 

" " Muscular activity develops ... ... 336 

Vincent, Francis, Portrait of ... ... ... ... 268 

" " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 269 

Vision, Range of, large ... ... ... ... ... 73 

Vitality, Organ " ... ... ... ... ... 335 

Watchfulness, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 126 

Weight, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 75 

Wheatley, Hon. Sam. F.. Portrait of ... ... ... ... 295 

" " " " Sketch of ... ... . ... 296 

Willard, Frances F-, Portrait of ... ... ... ... 248 

" " " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 249 

Will, Definition of ... ... ... ... ... ... 47 

" Organ of the ... ... ... ... ... 167 

" Subordinate to ... ... ... ... ... 65 

Wisdom, Definition of ... ... ... ... ... 47 

Earthly ... ... ... ... ... ... 345 

" Heavenly ... ... ... ... ... 345 

Wise, Capt. John S., Portrait of ... ... ... ... 30 8 

" Sketch of ... ... ... ... 309 

Wit, Function of ... ... ... ... ... ... 112 

Women, Fashionable ... ... ... ... . ... 143 

Wonder, Function of ... ... ... ... ... 113 

Worden, Admiral John L,., Portrait of ... ... ... 262 

" " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 263 

World, Conformity to ... ... ... ... ... 124 

" Definition of the ... ... ... ... ... 47 

Wright, Prof. F- V., Portrait of ... .. ... ... 70 

" " Sketch of ... ... ... ... 71 

Zeno's Head, Outline of ... ... ... - ... 62 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate. Page. 



Wtn. B. Elliott 

Bones of skull 

Groups of organs 

Craniognomical divisions 

Differently developed heads 

Prof. F. V. Wright ... 

Rev. Thomas S. Hastings 

Munemutsu Mutsu 

Wm, B). Dodge 

Wm. C. Cornwell 

Wm. R. Morrison 

Jem Smith 

Jake Kilrain 

Robert P. Porter 

Wm. C. Gray, Ph. D. 

Gen. Jesse Finley 

Antoine iProbst 

Geo. H. Stuart, 

Jacob Sharp ... 

Samuel W. Small 

Hon. O. W. Powers 

Mrs. Mary Mc Kee 

Wm. Rockefeller 

J. Weir Mitchell 

Alice B. Stockham, M. D. 

Frances F. Willard ... 

John J. Ingalls 

Admiral J. I,. Worden 

Francis Vincent 

Jewett M. Richmond ... 

Bartley Campbell 

George Q. Cannon 

Francis Iv. Patton, D. D., LL. D. 

Hon. Samuel F. Wheatley 

William T. Sherman ... 

Rev. Jesse H. Jones ... 

Capt. John S. Wise ... 

A. A. Mc I,eod, 

Benj, P. Poore 



Frontispiece 


6 


Fig. i, I 


52 


" 2 . J 


52 


" I, II 


62 


" 2, II 


62 


III 


70 


IV 


80 


V 


90 


VI 


100 


VII 


no 


VIII 


120 


Fig. i, IX 


130 


" 2, IX 


130 


X 


140 


XI 


150 


XII 


155 


XIII 


159 


XIV 


174 


XV 


184 


XVI 


194 


XVII 


204 


XVIII 


212 


XIX 


222 


XX 


228 


XXI 


234 


XXII 


248 


XXIII 


254 


XXIV 


262 


XXV 


268 


XXVI 


274 


XXVII 


282 


XXVIII 


288 


XXIX 


292 


XXX 


296 


XXXI 


300 


XXXII 


3"4 


XXXIII 


308 


XXXIV 


312 


XXXV 


3i6 



26 



2/ 



ORDER OF STUDY. 

It is expected that the truths herein set 
forth will be interesting and instructive to all, 
and that some persons will desire to study 
as well as read. To those who desire thus 
to study Human Nature and understand and 
delineate character in relation to the present, 
inherited, temperamental and metaphysical 
characteristics, these suggestions are intended 
to be helpful, especially so when a competent 
teacher can not be procured. 

First do not try to run until able to walk. 
Learn the craniognomical divisions and prac- 
tise each day that which is learned. Next 
study the perceptive organs in all their dif- 
ferent aspects : large, small, active or inactive, 
evenly or unevenly developed etc. Also 
their comparative size in relation to the sur- 
face of the whole cranium. Gather facts, 
i. e. observe persons with and without large 
active perceptives. See and perceive the 
truth of living realities in regard to persons. 



28 

Acquire a thorough knowledge of the location 
and primary function of all the organs of the 
perceptive group and their size relative to 
each other. In like manner proceed with all 
the groups of organs. Go slowly, carefull\ T , 
and surely. The study of human nature is 
a life work, easy after the rudiments are 
mastered, therefore: "Prove all things hold 
fast that which is good." 

When a knowledge of the location and 
function of all the organs is acquired, begin 
to classify heads as belonging to the Hope 
Head, Conventional Head, Approbative Head, 
Business Head and Professional Head. No- 
tice now the characteristics of each class 
and the different combinations with the rel- 
ative development of the different organs. 
Observe which organs harmonize with the 
leading ones and whether there are any or- 
gans that are conflicting in their functions 
with the leading characteristics. Combina- 
tions must be studied in order to arrive at 
right conclusions in regard to the character. 
By practice the student will be able to judge 
of the right or wrong growth of character : 
this is ascertained by the activity of those or- 
gans which are in their functions leading in 
the way of virtue or vice. 



29 

In the study of inherited and temperamen- 
tal characteristics, the same care must be 
exercised in acquiring a knowledge of the 
primary indices as was necessary in the 
study of the location and function of the or- 
gans. Be sure to start right : then proceed 
diligently. In order to start right it is nec- 
essary to begin at the foundation i. e. study 
those persons in whom the indices are plain 
as written in this book. When the principles 
of heredity and temperaments are once ac- 
quired it is quite easy in most cases to arrive 
at a correct understanding and delineation 
of complicated characteristics. 

In the study of metaphysics applied to 
character as set forth in this book, it is neces- 
sary to have a knowledge of Bible truth, in 
order to apply it to the living individual. If 
the literal facts in relation to the organs 
have been thoroughly acquired and inherited 
and temperamental combinations learned, it 
will be easy to apply them to the character 
as set forth in the Bible ; but it is utterly use- 
less to try to understand and comprehend the 
spiritual, when the literal is not known. But 
two general classes are recognized in the 
study of the metaphysical, therefore it is es- 
sential to know which of the organs relate to 



3° 

the carnal and which to the spiritnal. This 
will be easy if the literal be understood. 

With a practical knowledge of the sci- 
ence of Craniognomy, every moment of time 
can be utilized in the active development of 
the perceptive and reflective faculties and 
the amount of useful enjoyment thereby 
vastly increased. The present is the only 
time and therefore the most important period 
of life. In its proper use in the study and 
development of character depends success and 
consequent happiness. 



3i 



SUGGESTIONS IN REFERENCE TO THE RIGHT 
GROWTH OF CHARACTER. 



Know Thyself. 



BE 



PERCEIVING 
ERSONAL 
RACTICAL 



ERSEVERING. 
The value of a good "\ 

PKRCEIVP I That little deeds make L CHARACTER. 
That you are growing I . 

PERSONALIZE YOUR CHARACTER. 

By self-examination yon will observe the 
weak and strong points. Yon will also dis- 
cover the inherited and developed vices and 
virtues. If necessary, prune ont the object- 
ionable and engraft the desirable. Radically 
Reform and Transform yonr Character 
Bnilding. 

Be Practical. Develop those Facul- 
ties in which 3^ou are deficient and that are 
necessary for a harm onions Character. 

Be Practical. Character grows, it 
must have suitable food. Do not give Spirit- 
ual food to Carnal minds, unless yon so 
present it that the Carnal nature can assim- 
ulate it. Do not give Carnal food to Spiritual 



32 

minds and expect a healthy growth. Con- 
ventional food will not do for a "Lone Goer." 
Each Faculty in order to grow must have 
suitable nourishment, and be exercised in its 
own functions. 

Be Persevering. 

Character is not Hastily Developed. 

{IN PRUNING 
IN SOWING 
IN REAPING. 

Perseveringly Build Character by daily 
adding virtuous thoughts, kind words, loving 
deeds. 

"Buy The Truth and sell not Wisdom, 
instruction and understanding." 



INTRODUCTION. 



In presenting this work to the pnblic we 
are conscious of the fact, that the subject of 
which it treats is of great importance and 
value to all who are progressive and recog- 
nize the value of truth. The thoughtful and 
progressive not only seize upon truth wher- 
ever found but help others into higher 
conditions of thought and action. To this 
class of persons the truths in regard to the 
great problems of life herein set forth, will be 
of special interest ; for they will be able to dis- 
cern the inmost principle of truth (which is 
spiritually discerned,) and are therefore more 
deeply concerned than those who can see only 
material things which perish in the using. 
The materialists or literalists constitute the 
great mass of mankind, and follow they know 
not what, truth or error if it be something to 
be seen and happens to please their fancy. 
This large class of humanity do not care 
much for anything but present enjoyment. 
They may be logical reasoners and desire to 
(3) 33 



34 

see the cause and thus know the effect, which 
is right and good ; but, while they remain 
literalists they cannot comprehend the spirit 
(or principle) which is unseen, eternal and 
the only real life. 

Another class of persons are those who 
are simply curious. To these anything new, 
strange or out of the ordinary into the extra- 
ordinary, excites their curiosity and they 
sometimes themselves become living curiosi- 
ties, drifting with the tide towards the end of 
their lives. Without a thought or care as to 
their own, or neighbor's welfare or happiness, 
they come to that end still curious to see 
something new. 

There is another class which may be 
called the doubting ones. These may be 
brought up and nurtured in some particular 
faith of doctrine, having their own established 
views, can see new facts and principles in the 
advancing sciences and philosophies, but are 
doubtful about them, and live and are apt to 
die in their doubt. 

Still another class are those who are 
thinking men and women, but are unsettled 
and undecided as to the great principles of 
life. " They are ever learning but never 



03 

come to the knowledge of the truth. " They 
may be called the critical. In their zeal to 
criticise they often get the husk and let the 
kernal perish. 

All of these classes of persons, and others 
will come in contact with this work, some to 
simpty glance at it, others to read without 
much thought, a few, yet many in the aggre- 
gate, will read it thoughtfully and be able to 
drink in some truth in regard to themselves 
that will be of lasting benefit, and bring forth 
fruit in a better life, and help others to also 
rise into a higher plane of thought. 

We recognize in man the greatest work 
of the Creator. Man has been given by 
the Almighty, dominion and power over creat- 
ed things, and has been taught to use the 
powers and elements, for his own use and ad- 
vancement in knowledge, and for the glory of 
God. Whatever avocation man may pursue, 
whatever philosophy promulgate, to whatever 
faith adhere, into whatever science delve, into 
whatever clime journey, by whatever name 
known, man in relation to his fellows, and to 
the Divine Being, is the subject demanding 
attention above all others. Man in his phy- 
sical structure is the most wonderful and 
complicated, 37^ perfect creature in all his 



36 

functions, of all created things. In the struct- 
ure and the function of the intellect he is 
still more wonderful. Think of the workings 
of the human intellect ! Think also that the 
brain is the home of the intellect ; that out of 
it go thoughts and words that startle the world 
with discoveries of the principles of laws, 
sciences, philosophies, inventions. 

Think of the wonderous progress of art 
and civilization ! When we enter upon the 
contemplation of the spirit of man in con- 
nection with the Divine Spirit, we are awed 
and inspired. This is a connection so strong 
that a man by his spiritual discernment and 
life, while in this earthly tabernacle, may 
pass beyond the confines of earth and earthly 
affections, and enter the Kingdom of Heaven : 
so that to such a man the " Kingdom of 
Heaven is within." Man being the place 
and subject, God or Christ within, the King. 
This connection so strong is as weak as 
strong. So delicate is it that the world by its 
allurements easily breaks the connection and 
death ensues, "for to be carnally minded is 
death but to be spiritually minded is life." 
Man being so wonderful in these three- fold 
relations how transcendingly important is 
it to properly understand him. How to 



37 

study man therefore is the question that now 
arises. Shall we first look at him as a phys- 
ical being and study his structure as such? 
Is there one part of the physical that is su- 
perior to another ? 

What is it that makes man preeminent 
over other organisms of the animal kingdom? 
Wherein consists the power by which he is 
able to subdue and control created things ? 
Is it not in his knowledge of the laws which 
govern and control them? Having this 
knowledge he has power over certain elements 
and can put himself into conformity with, 
and use them. God has given him an intel- 
lect which enables him to think, a memory 
to hold ideas, and power to reason and arrive 
at conclusions, all of which by exercise raise 
him above other created things. Now, where 
in man is the crown or centre of these capabil- 
ities ? We answer in the brain. 

Science has demonstrated that the brain 
of man while being one, is composed of many 
parts called organs. No two heads or brains 
are alike. Talents are diversified and differ- 
ently developed. God has given to some one 
talent, to others two and to some ten. Again, 
science has demonstrated that a part of the 
brain shown on the surface by the shape of 



38 

the cranium, always indicates the develop- 
ment of a certain talent. It is by the shape 
of the head therefore and by the development 
of the organs that we are enabled to arrive 
at conclusions in regard to the character, and 
how it relates to the Divine. The talents 
with which we are endowed fit us for some 
place in the great plan of the Creator. The 
important thing for each of us is to be sure 
what position we are adapted for, what work 
we were designed to do, and having found 
it, to so live and act that the people who live 
in our time and also succeeding generations 
may be better for our having been in the 
world. 

It is with the desire and expectation of 
helping some of our fellow beings to find 
their right places in life, where they can be 
useful and continually grow into a more per- 
fect manhood and womanhood, and in order 
that they may see ^rA perceive with a "light" 
that is not "darkness" but being elevated is 
not "hid under a bushel," but "gives light 
unto all in the house" that they may glorify 
"Our Father in Heaven:" With these 
thoughts and desires we have published this 
work. 

We claim for Craniognomy, superiority 



39 

over Phrenology in its power to rightly de- 
lineate character in its relation to the Divine. 
This claim has been fully demonstrated upon 
very many living heads, and can be further 
substantiated by actual investigation, un- 
biased by any prejudice or preconception. 

"Prove all things hold fast that which is 
good." We present this work then, to think- 
ing men and women, who are not in bondage, 
but are free (or desire to be) from the entan- 
glements of the world, and no longer "sow to 
the flesh" and "of the flesh reap corruption," 
but who desire to "sow to the spirit," and "of 
the spirit reap life eternal." 

We are aware that in order to compre- 
hend the unseen and eternal principles of 
life, and all the great problems that pertain 
thereto, it is necessary first to study and 
understand their natural and visible effects. 
Jesus Christ asked: "If I have told you 
earthly things and ye believed not, how shall 
ye believe if I tell you of Heavenly things?" 
Meaning that unless we understand and 
believe about this earthly house of our taber- 
nacle, we cannot comprehend about the 
heaventy house "not made with hands." We 
understand that the earthly house we now 
live in is the home of our faculties through 



40 

which the heart, mind and sonl operate and 
acquire the fear and knowledge of God which 
constitutes the Heavenly rest or home. How 
important then to know about this house we 
now live in. This can only be learned by 
investigating the science of human nature 
by whatever name it is called. Christianity 
and science belong together, indeed they are 
one and inseparable. Christian Science, 
Mind Cure, Faith Cure and kindred subjects, 
have for the foundation on which to build, the 
right condition of heart, mind and faith. 
These modern developments of truth cannot 
build upon a carnal mind because "the car- 
nal mind is enmity toward God." Christian- 
ity is true spirituality not that spirituality 
which is supposed to manifest itself by rap- 
pings, and like demonstrations that can be 
materalized but a spirituality that cannot 
be seen with the natural eye, or handled or 
materalized, but is the living truth : God 
everywhere, 

Craniognomy makes a clear distinction 
between persons who are carnally and those 
who are spiritually minded. It shows that 
the former are "of the earth earthy," and 
adapted to material avocations, while the 
latter who are in the world but not u ofit," 



4* 

may have a hard struggle for subsistence, 
but whose aspirations, developments and 
possessions are of the heavenly character. 

Craniognomy offers to all a course of 
study which if pursued will lead to the 
understanding of wisdom ; to peace, comfort, 
and a useful life ; to a life that may be pro- 
longed by union with the Divine as made 
known through the Bible. Craniognomy can 
thus be applied to the individual, living na- 
ture, that may thereb}^ be "made alive in 
Christ," for "blessed and holy are those who 
have part in the first resurrection, over them 
the second death hath no power." 

We present in this work the leading 
principles of this science and enough of the 
details to enable the careful, earnest student 
to work out the special developments as they 
exist in each individual life. In the practical 
application of the truths thus acquired a more 
comprehensive view will be taken of the 
length, breadth and height, of the wisdom of 
God in the structure of man pl^sically, men- 
tally and spiritually. The student will thus 
be enabled to grow in the knowledge and like- 
ness of Him who is the Truth and who was 
and is and liveth forever. 



42 

HISTORICAL. 

We acknowledge the value of Gall's 
System of Phrenology. For what it has done, 
and is still doing for the advancement of 
Humanity we give it great credit. We also 
appreciate the work of Wm. Byrd Powell, M. 
D., of Louisville, Ky., in relation to the 
Temperaments. 

Wm. Byrd Powell was Professor of Chem- 
istry in the Medical College of Louisiana, 
Prof, of Cerebral Physiology in the Memphis 
Institute and Prof, of Physiology in the Med- 
ical Institute of Cincinnati. He was also 
member of several scientific societies both in 
the United States and Foreign Countries. 

In a memorial of Prof. Powell published 
by A. T. and T. H. Keckler, Cincinnati, 
Ohio, it is stated: "He was a careful student 
and close observer of nature, and to whatever 
department of science he turned his philo- 
sophical mind he added new and valuable 
discoveries. In Temperamental Science he 
was not satisfied with the crude ideas of past 
centuries but boldly struck out a new path, 
and by the addition of many discoveries en- 
larged and simplified the subject into a 
demonstrable and highly useful science." 



43 

The origin of Craniognomy as taught in 
this book is mainly due to Wm. B. Elliott. 
Prof. Elliott began the study of Phrenology 
early in life, under the instructions of 
Geo. Combe and O. S. Fowler. He also took a 
thorough course of instruction on tempera- 
ments with Wm. Byrd Powell. He practiced 
and taught Phrenology and Powell's system 
of temperaments for many years. By self- 
denial and close observation, he made several 
corrections and discoveries in regard to the 
location and functions of the organs of the 
brain, in this respect his work has been called 
"purified Phrenology." Prof. Elliott was a 
native of Juniata Co., and died at Hartleton, 
Union Co., Pa. in the sixty-eighth year of his 
age. He was for many years a resident of 
Philadelphia. There he was well known as a 
lecturer and expounder of Phrenology. His 
delineations of character were remarkable for 
their extraordinary discrimination, and were 
always filled with quotations from the Bible ; 
so that the teachings of his school of mental 
philosophy stood out distinct from those of 
any other. Prof. Elliott was emphatically 
and eminently spiritually minded ; he was 
also original, earnest, enthusiastic and self- 
sacrificing in his search for the truth : his 



44 

labor was surely for "the meat that endureth 
to everlasting life." (For portrait of Prof. 
Elliott see frontispiece.) 

Probably the greatest work of Prof. 
Elliott's consists of connecting Craniognomy 
with Bible truth, in relation to the living 
head, so that in reading the Bible where 
mention is made of the various qualities of 
heart, soul, spirit, mind, knowledge, wis- 
dom, understanding, conscience, etc., and 
knowing how to fix, and make sure about 
those things to which it refers, he showed 
that the Bible is no longer a sealed book 
but is open and plain; for "the entrance of 
Thy (God's) Word giveth light ;" so that by 
spiritual discernment or sight, we may behold 
wonderful things in the Word of God. Prof. 
Elliott did not leave any published book in 
reference to his work, but he left manuscripts 
and delineations of great value. At the time 
of his decease he had pupils who had been 
under his instruction for sometime. They 
proved to be living books for they took up the 
work and carried it on successfully. To 
them we are indebted for valuable facts and 
instructions, not mentioned in Powell's writ- 
ings, in regard to the shape of the cranium 
in determining temperments. We also men- 



• 45 

tion Prof. E. V. Wright, New York City, who 
was a student of Prof. Powell's and from 
whom we have received valuable aid. Rev. 
Jesse H. Jones, North Abington, Mass., has 
written and published a work in relation to 
temperaments. To him we are also indebted 
for thoughts obtained from him orally and 
for the interest he has taken in the science. 
We are under great obligations to Henry 
H. Doolittle, Philadelphia, Pa., for the use of 
a large collection of skulls, casts and pic- 
tures. He has spent much time and means 
in obtaining facts in regard to the science, 
and has done very much to awaken interest 
in relation to a right development of char- 
acter. 

EXPLANATORY. 

We think best to make as clear as pos- 
sible to the reader and student, what we 
mean by the use of some words that in 
dictionaries have several definitions. The 
following terms and definitions apply only to 
the individual character in the present time, 
they are not to be used in any other way. 

By Heart we mean the mental begin- 
ning and centre of thought, the image from 
which words and ideas arise, not the material 
heart. 



4 6 

By Soul we mean the external, mental 
nature which operates through the senses. 

By Spirit we mean the essence or prin- 
ciple of life which is immortal. 

By Mind we mean that part of the 
intellect called memory, through which the 
operations of the other faculties become fixed, 
so that the character becomes carnal or 
spiritual according to the development of 
those organs that are either earthly or heav- 
enly in their tendencies. 

By Hope we mean that principle which, 
in conjunction with other faculties, waits. 
It is therefore the waiting or resting principle. 

By Faith we mean that union of prin- 
ciples by which man becomes connected with 
the great principle, God, and is well likened 
unto the "branch abiding in the vine." 

By Knowledge we mean the perception 
of facts, which comes by investigation. 

By Learning we mean that reception 
of ideas which comes from the study of books 
or literature, ideas that may relate either to 
fact or fiction. 

By Understanding we mean that facul- 
ty which arrives at conclusions about logical 
things. 



47 

By Wisdom we mean that faculty which 
is the fear of the Lord and forms conclusions 
about analogical subjects, "the still small 



voice," or conscience. 



By the World we mean those organs 
that are susceptible of receiving the world 
with its affections to the exclusion of spirit- 
ual principles. 

By Flesh we mean those propensities 
that promote a desire for fleshly gratification. 

By Devil we mean those faculties which 
develop a character like unto "a roaring lion" 
going about "seeking whom it may devour." 

By Heaven we mean that development 
of the faculties which secures rest and peace 
in Heavenly themes of love to God and man 
and which brings light. 

By Hell we mean that development of 
the faculties which causes unrest and dis- 
quietude except when self-love is gratified, 
and which obscures the truth and induces 
darkness. 

By Will we mean the faculty of deter- 
mined patience in overcoming, by which man 
ma}' inherit all things. 



CHAPTER I. 



ANATOMY 



OF THE 



SKULL AND BRAIN. 
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 



AND 



DIVISIONS 



(4) 49 



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54 



ANATOMY OF THK SKULL AND BRAIN. 

The bones of the skull include those of 
the cranium and face. The cranium, in which 
we are mostly interested, contains eight bones 
viz., one occipital, two parietal, one frontal, 
two temporal, one sphenoid and one ethmoid. 
Plate I. Fig. i. 

The cranium and face bones taken as a 
whole are divisible into five regions : superior 
top of head back to occipit, inferior or base, 
lateral or side (two), anterior, the face. 

Sutures are those irregular places where 
the bones of the skull are joined together. 
These are in some cases quite rough and 
prominent, in others smooth and flat, owing 
to excessive or deficient ossification. 

There are two tables of skull, the outer one 
thick and tough and the bones of it joined by 
sutures. The inner one thin, brittle and with- 
out sutures. The cancellous tissue inter- 
vening between these tables is called diploe. 

The functions of the brain are the same 
on both sides. The occiput is a small protru- 
berance at the back of the skull, generall}' 
marking the boundary between the cerebrum 
and cerebellum. 



55 

Sinus, frontal, at the root of the nose con- 
tinning np between the two tables of the 
skull, is a small cavity for air and blood. 
Longitudinal and snperior sinus is along and 
nnderneath the Dura Mater where the divi- 
sions of the hemispheres occur. These sinuses 
receive the blood from the numerous veins of 
each hemisphere. Other sinuses are of the 
same nature. These sinuses, especially the 
frontal one, are important for the student to 
understand. Knowledge gives power, and 
having knowledge of these sinuses will enable 
the student to rightly understand their rela- 
tion to the cranium and brain. 

When the whole nature is coarse with a 
large bony structure, prominent joints, coarse 
heavy voice it is very likely that the frontal 
sinus is quite large. Again when the region 
of the perceptives is quite irregularly devel- 
oped, with a sharp prominence each side of 
the root of the nose a large frontal sinus is 
indicated. 

The Mastoid Process is the termination 
of a rough, bony part of the skull back and 
a little below the ear, and when the bony 
structure is large the process is quite promi- 
inent 



56 

The Dura Mater is the thick, fibrous 
membrane which lines the interior of the skull. 
It adheres closely to the cranium. It sends 
out a process which decends vertically and 
longitudinally between the right and left 
hemispheres of the brain. 

The Archnoid is a thin membrane that 
envelopes the brain and is connected with the 
Dura Mater. The Pia Mater is a mem- 
brane which invests the entire surface of the 
brain, dipping down between the convolutions. 
It consists of minute blood vessels which 
extend into and give blood to the cerebral 
substance. 

The under surface of each hemisphere is 
subdivided into three lobes :' Anterior, Middle 
and Posterior. There is also a part of the 
brain called Pons Varolii. It constitutes 
the bond of union between the cerebrum and 
cerebellum above and the part beneath called 
the Medulla Oblongata, which forms the con- 
nection with the spinal cord. 

From the Medulla Oblongata numerous 
nerves and fibers connect every part of the 
body with the brain. 

The weight of the male brain averages 



57 

from forty-six to fifty-three ounces and of the 
female forty-one to forty-seven ounces. 

It is claimed by anatomists that the 
weight of the brain determines the intellec- 
tual capacity of the person. But that is not 
invariably the case. 

The brain is composed of convolutions or 
folds of a gray substance, separated from each 
other by depressions filled with a white yield- 
ing substance. By this arrangement the 
convolutions permit of an increase in the 
amount of gray material without occupying 
much additional space. 

The spaces between the convolutions 
called sluci are generally an inch deep, but 
vary in this respect. The cerebellum is not 
convoluted but has transverse ridges of gray 
matter and white between. The number and 
extent of the convolutions of gray matter as 
well as their depth, appear to bear a close re- 
semblance to the intellectuality of the person. 
The greater the number and extent of the 
convolutions the greater the degree of intel- 
lectuality. 

In some of the lower grades of animals 
convolutions are hardlv discernable, but as 
we ascend the scale of animal life they be- 



58 

come more noticeable while in mankind they 
present the most complexity. In a child the 
convolntions are few, and the sluci between 
them shallow, but as the child grows in 
intellectuality the convolutions become deeper 
until maturity in the adult and when mental 
vigor begins to decrease the convolutions also 
diminish. 

The white portion of the brain consists 
of three kinds of fiber : first those which 
connect the hemispheres, with the Medulla 
Oblongata. Second those which connect the 
two hemispheres, and third those which 
connect the distant parts of the same hem- 
isphere. 

Lymph consists of white corpuscles main- 
ly water. It exists in most parts of the 
physical structure. These corpuscles do not 
seem to be intimately connected with any 
nerves or fibers, but by means of valves they 
communicate their substance to other vessels. 

The preponderance of lymph causing 
Lymphatic Glands to enlarge, produces what 
is termed the Lymphatic Temperament, as 
will be shown in a future chapter. 



59 



GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND DIVISIONS. 

In the examination of a craninin to 
determine the character of a person it is nec- 
essary to have a starting point. This will be 
at the opening of the ear, for in most 
cases if we were to draw a line throngh the 
head from the opening of one ear to that of 
the other, the line would pass through the 
Medulla Oblongata, and we would therefore 
have all the brain above the line. Now 
stand at the side of the person ; draw an 
imaginary line from the opening of the ear 
perpendicularly to the top of the head, and 
determine in which part of the head the most 
of the brain development appears to be, the 
front part called Frontal or the back part 
Occipital. 

In order to ascertain the relative propor- 
tion of brain development it is necessary to 
look at the back of the head and see whether 
it is thick and wide down into the cerebellum ; 
also look at front of head and see whether 
narrow or wide, and whether forehead re- 
treats or is rather perpendicular. Go all 
around the head, get all the facts, and con- 
clude according thereto. 



6o 

Draw an imaginary line from the inner 
corner of the eye, back to the opening of the 
ear, and still back from there to the Occipit. 

We have now divided the occipital part 
of the first division into two parts the npper 
called coronal, the lower basil. Now deter- 
mine which part of these two divisions is the 
largest. 

We thns have two main divisions, one 
of them subdivided so that we have frontal ; 
occipital, coronal, basil. Plate II, Fig. i. 

One of the great principles to be always 
observed is this, viz. the frontal region is 
superior to the occipital ; the coronal to the 
basil. 

The power of the intellectual organs is 
shown by the length of the brain fiber, or the 
distance from the opening of the ear to the 
outer surface of each organ. Plate II, Fig. 2. 
Organs may sometimes be drawn together 
or centralized toward the active part of the 
brain. 

Another principle to be observed is, that 
the organs nearest to the median line, (a line 
drawn from the root of the nose back to the 
occipit,) as a rule are superior to those further 
away. This will become apparent as the 






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6 4 

student advances in the study. It is not 
to be supposed for a moment, that any part 
of the brain is useless or of little use. 

The great point to be considered is to 
so develop the organs that those of a selfish 
and animal nature, may become subordinate 
to and the servants of those of an intellectual 
and spiritual character, and that the whole 
may constitute a well developed structure, 
working harmoniously with the Great Source 
of all. 

Another point to be considered and ob- 
served is that the organs of the brain become 
inactive b}^ non use, or develop by use, so 
that there is a constant change of character 
and life according to the way in which the 
activity of the brain leads. 

The question may naturally occur here, 
are we responsible for what our life is, and 
has been, or does the responsibilhy rest upon 
those factors and powers over which we had 
no control ? Inherited characteristics are 
great and wonderful. Early training has 
very much to do with the conformation of 
character. Environments and circumstances 
over which we seemingly had no control have 
been powerful factors in moulding character. 



65 

Admitting all these conditions to be 
mighty, the fact still remains, we are what 
we are. And these questions naturally arise, 
can we be what we will ? Can we mould and 
transform our characters so that our lives shall 
rise above these conditions ? Can we make 
them subordinate to our will, through and by 
the power of Him who worketh in us to will 
and to do ? 

If we understand the principles of natur- 
al law and put ourselves in harmony with 
them, we shall be able to overcome these 
hereditary tendencies, circumstances and en- 
vironments, and control them by being 
obedient to the laws by which they are 
governed. 

A large brain may not be superior to a 
small one, as superiority depends more on 
proportionate development than upon size. 
But a large, active brain, well proportioned, 
indicates power. 

Each individual is and must be a creature 
to think and act by and for itself, and be 
responsible to its Creator for its life and work. 

The quality of the brain may be a ques- 
tion that will puzzle some students. As near 
as can be ascertained the chemical analyses of 



66 

human brains are about the same, or vary 
but little. 

A brain harmoniously developed in the 
intellectual and spiritual organs indicates a 
character correspondingly fine and sensitive, 
while a brain large in the moral and animal 
organs a nature correspondingly coarse and 
vulgar. 

Not the chemical quality nor the quantity 
of the brain so much determine the character, 
as the part of the brain that is largest devel- 
oped shows the preponderance of the character. 

The quality of the character therefore 
is of paramount importance. Human nature 
in its training and transformation is the 
greatest, most wonderful and complicated of 
all the Creator's works. Its study is a life 
work leading the student upward and on- 
ward in the acquisition of a stronger and 
more perfect manhood. 

The purpose aimed at in this study is to 
convert the whole structure of man into a 
living book, "known and read of all men," 
making and leaving an influence that will 
elevate man to a holier condition so that he 
will drink so much of the "water of life" that 
he will become one in spirit with the Divine. 



CHAPTER II. 



ORGANS 

of the; 

PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES: 
SEVEN. 



67 



PLATE III. 




PROF. E. V. WRIGHT. 



70 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE III. 

LARGE PERCEPTIVES. 

The Illustration does not show the perceptives well. 
We have a personal acquaintance with Prof. E. V. Wright 
and know that they are very large and active. Notice 
the full and prominent appearance across the region of 
the brows, also the sharp, piercing look. Prof. Wright 
is a good specimen of the Sanguine-Bilious-Encephalic 
Temperament. The Bilious being of the Xanthous varie- 
ty. (Chapter XXI.) The organ of Reason is very large 
in this head. (Chapter V.) 

While still a boy in the office of his father, who was 
a physician, E. V . Wright took much interest in the study 
of medicine, and anthropology, which subjects he has 
persistently pursued up to the present time. Making a 
Special study of man in his relation to health and dis- 
ease ; mental and temperamental conditions. 

In i860 Prof. Wright became associated with 
Wm. Byrd Powell in the publication of Powell's 
Journal of Science. He has traveled and lectured 
extensively in relation to Anthropology and kindred 
subjects. 

Prof. Wright is a member of The New York Academy 
of Anthropology, American Health Society, New York 
Temperance Union, and Washington Philosophical 
Society. Prof. Wright is a great gatherer of facts, and 
is reformatory in his work and character. 



71 



72 



ORGANS OF THE PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES: 
SEVEN. 

Individuality, Form, Size, Weight, 
Color, Order, Number. These organs are 
situated along the brows, extending from the 
outer corner of one eye to that of the other. 
They are shown by the width across the 
brows, and when large by an arched, prominent 
appearance. For illustration of large percep- 
tives see Plates III., VII. , XVII., and XXXV 
When inactive they present a surface which 
has a dull, flat appearance. When active 
they will have a sharp, prominent appearance. 

These and all organs are double, i. e. 
alike in both hemispheres, but may be larger 
on one side than the other. 

These are organs of the intellectual fac- 
ulties. They may be called organs of 
knowledge, in distinction from those of learn- 
ing. They are the organs of investigation of 
facts. May be called the "come and see 
organs." 

They are organs which relate to, and en- 
able us to take cognizance of sensible or 
earthly things ; they are therefore called the 
organs of the senses. 



73 

Now where a person has lost his senses, 
i. e. no more sensible to the things abont 
him, or is ont of his senses, he may be called 
a dead sonl, or may be asleep becanse he is 
no longer alive to his trne condition. 

These then are the sense organs of the 
life or sonl of the physical nature, not of 
the spirit, or mind, or heart, the organs 
of which being located in other parts of the 
brain. 

These are the organs by which men 
recognize things as they appear to be. Per- 
sons with them large are continually looking 
at things, and their range of vision being 
large can take in much at a glance. Their 
powers of perception being great, they can not 
only see but PERCEIVE the true import of 
those things which come within their view, 
and can readily catch new ideas, frequently 
using the expression : u O I see ! " 

Large perceptive organs indicate power 
for every kind of employment, whether busi- 
ness, merchandise, art or profession. They 
readily work with, and are valuable to all 
kinds of persons, showing power which may 
be used for good or evil. 



74 

With small perceptives persons will be 
the opposite of the character above described : 
will not be able to investigate or gather facts 
for themselves, and not perceiving, are liable 
to make many mistakes and fall into serions 
errors. They are the organs of the faculties 
by which inward impressions are corrected 
by reference to seen facts. 

Individuality is located in the centre 
of the group, above the nose. Large and 
active Individuality will be indicated by the 
prominence of this organ, the primary func- 
tion of which is to take cognizance of things 
in general ; to see the whole at a glance and 
distinguish things as they are, one from 
another. Not the quality or quantity but 
taking notice, seeing and perceiving different 
objects. It is therefore a very necessary 
organ for every person of whatever avocation 
or profession. 

Form is shown by width between the 
eyes. When large great width will be ob- 
served from the centre of one eye to the 
centre of the other. When small the distance 
will be short. Its primary function is to 
notice and recognize forms, faces, pictures, 
images etc. As a general thing Form helps 



75 

in the range of vision, commanding a broader 
view. It is one of the most necessary organs 
for an artist and is useful in enabling all 
persons to rightly perceive. 

Size is located next to, and either side of 
Individuality. Primary function to recog- 
nize and judge of the size of things, length, 
breadth and height. Necessary for artists, 
architects, mechanics etc. 

Weight is located next to Size. Pri- 
mary function to recognize and judge of the 
weight of anything. This organ is useful 
in walking, skating, riding, and in all posi- 
tions where balancing is required, because it 
helps to an equilibrium in each part of the 
body. It is therefore quite necessar}^ for 
those who engage in athletic sports and 
gymnastics. 

Color is next to weight. Primary 
function to recognize and judge of colors and 
different hues of the same color. It is neces- 
sary for painters and artists, by whom 
the blending and matching of colors are re- 
quired. Also necessary for dry goods and 
millinery clerks. 

Order next to Color. Primary function 
love of order and arrangement, but not neces- 



7 6 

sarily rules in regard to order ; for what may 
be order to one person may appear disorder 
to another. 

Number, next to Order, at the outer edge 
of the brow ; when large often lengthened 
down toward the cheek bone. Primary func- 
tion to number or enumerate. Necessary for 
mathematicians and wherever calculations 
are required. 

To sum up, through Individuality 
man recognizes the things in the room, chairs, 
pictures, stove, book-case, clock, mirror. 

Through Form, their shape, square, 
round, long, oblong, of each one. 

Through Size how long, how wide and 
how high. 

Through Weight how much and how 
heavy. 

Through Color the tints of different 
things and the blending. 

Through Order the arrangement ; how 
arranged, order or disorder. 

Through Number how many things in 
all, and how many of each. 



CHAPTER III. 



SPECIAL 

ORGANS OF MEMORY 

SEVEN. 



77 



PLATE IV. 




REV. THOS. HASTINGS, D. D. 



80 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE IV. 

SPECIAL ORGANS OF MEMORY. 

The illustration is remarkable in many respects. The 
large development of the Memory organs is wonderful, 
indicated by width and fulness above the brows. Notice 
also the great preponderance of the frontal over the back 
head. There are also indications of a very large percen- 
tage of the Encephalic 'Pemperament, (Chapter XX.) 
The whole brain development illustrates great refinement, 
learning and ability in intellectually spiritual attain- 
ments. (Chapter XII.) 

Rev. Thos. S. Hastings is a well known clergyman 
of New York City. He has been for several years pro- 
fessor of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral Theology. He 
is President of the Union Theological Seminary. "Dr. 
Hastings is a fine Pulpit orator and enjoys great popu- 
larity in the city." 



(6) 81 



82 



special organs of memory : seven. 

Eventuality, Locality, Direction, 
Time, Memory of Names, Tune, Lan- 
guage are all situated immediately above 
the Perceptives and across the middle of the 
forehead, except Language which is shown by 
fulness under the eye. For illustration of 
large memory see Plates IV, XI, XXIII and 
XXIX 

As the name indicates these organs are 
the memory part of the brain, they are called 
the Receptives, because they receive and re- 
tain what the senses gather, or what comes 
to them through reading, hearing and study. 
They are the organs of learning. 

In Phrenology this group is called the 
Retentive Perceptives, These organs are 
not as important relatively, as the Percep- 
tives. They are liable to become abnormally 
large at the expense of the organs of sense. 

When through learning or exercise these 
organs become excessively large so that the 
individual lives in the mind or memory of 
things past, he is no more alive to the present 
or sense relation, and therefore may justly 
be termed a dead soul : u what shall it profit 



83 

a man if he gain the whole world and lose his 
own sonl." These organs relate mostly to 
the seen or material world. They serve the 
intellectual faculties. 

Eventuality is located in the centre of 
the forehead directly above Individuality. 
It is shown in two ways : by prominence and 
by surface. Very briefly it is as follows : 
when the organs above and each side of it are 
all large, there will appear to be a flattening 
out of this organ, which a little practice will 
enable the student to observe. When the 
head is narrow in front and drawn together, 
Eventuality will be shown by prominence. 
Primary function memory of all kinds of 
details. This is the organ which is so over- 
worked and crowded by the excessive "cram- 
ing" so common in schools and colleges, by 
reason of which many scholars have to be 
taken from school before they have finished 
their course, or become broken down in 
health. 

The memory may be likened unto a 
vessel into which we put water until it is full, 
then if we try to put more in it will run over. 
So with the organs of memory, if too much is 
crowded into them, they will run over and 
detract from the activity of other organs, pro- 



8 4 

during a weariness that will cause sickness 
in the physical, and unless there be a rest, 
the burden will be heavy and grevious to be 
borne, weighing upon the strength and retard- 
ing growth and development into the likeness 
of Christ. 

The organ of Eventuality is useful for 
historians, mathematicians, and every avo- 
cation in which there are many details. 
Musicians who have learned music and to 
whom it is not a gift, are apt to have this 
organ quite large, for they have learned and 
stored in their memories the details of which 
music is composed. This is the great organ 
of reproducing or recalling- past events, re- 
membering. 

Locality, on each side of Eventual- 
ity, is usually almond shape with the large 
end up. Primary function, memory of lo- 
cality of the places where things have been 
put when coming to them after having once 
been there. Useful for geographers, survey- 
ors, travelers, guides and scouts. 

Direction located each side and a little 
below Locality. Locality and Direction dif- 
fer thus : Direction enables us to remember 
the way to the place, but not . to recognize 



85 

the place when there, Locality to recognize 
the place when there, bnt not to remem- 
ber the way. 

Time, next to Direction. The primary 
function measurement of time. Persons with 
it very large can tell nearly the time of day 
or night, without reference to a timepiece, 
but it is mainly useful for the metre of mu- 
sic, beating or keeping time. 

Memory of Names, next to time. Pri- 
mary function, memory of proper names. 
But chiefly of persons. 

Tune, next to Memory of Names. Pri- 
mary function, love of or ability in relation 
to tune ; the talent for music. This is one 
of the natural gifts of a great musician. 

Language, shown by fullness under the 
eye which is caused by the brain crowding 
down upon the upper orbital bone, and push- 
ing the eye down and out. Its primary 
function, memory of names in general. It is 
useful wherever a good flow of speech is 
required, as in clergymen and other public 
speakers. Also in the composition of liter- 
ary work. 



CHAPTER IV. 



ORGANS 

OF THE 

REFLECTIVE FACULTIES 
TWO. 



87 



PLATE V. 




MUNEMUTSU MUTSU. 



90 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE V. 

REFLECTIVES. 

This illustration shows the group large. The square- 
ness at the upper forehead indicates Understanding which 
is the largest of the group. The Perceptives are quite 
large. (Chapter II.) The organ of Conventionality is 
also well developed. (Chapter VII.) This is the Bilious 
Encephalic Temperament. (Chapter XXI.) 

Munemutsu Mutsu has a remarkable history. While a 
young man he traveled over the entire Empire of Japan, 
gathering facts in regard to its institutions and policy. 
He espoused the cause of "The Mikado" and good gov- 
ernment, for which he was imprisoned for several years. 
The only English that he knew at this time was the 
alphabet. Having an English-Japanese Dictionary, he 
translated a work on Political Economy which after his 
release from prison, he published. 

Mr. Mutsu has held many responsible positions under 
the "Mikado's" government, always with credit to him- 
self and advantage to the Japanese people. He has 
traveled extensively in Europe and America, investiga- 
ting the system of government and studying political 
economy. He is envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
Plenipotentiary to the U. S. 

Mr. Mutsu is a gifted orator, social and fascinating in 
manner. A close student and constantly engaged in 
some literary work. He has written considerable and 
his works rank high in Japan. 



91 



92 



ORGANS OF THE REFLECTIVE FACULTIES : TWO. 

The organs of Reason and Under- 
standing are situated in the front upper part 
of the forehead. They are very important. 
They are the organs of the reasoning facul- 
ties. The knowledge that the senses have 
gathered, and learning that the mind has 
acquired, are retained b}^ the memory, and 
reasoned upon by the Renectives. These 
organs are called by Phrenologists Compar- 
ison and Causality. Although they belong 
to the same group, they are entirely opposite 
in their functions, one being deductive, and 
the other inductive, one relating to the un- 
seen, the other to the seen. These are the 
organs of the intellectual faculties. For 
large Renectives see Plate V., VIII., XIX., 
XXVI. 

Reason is located in the centre part of the 
lower forehead immediately above Eventual- 
ality. When large there will be a rounding 
out and fullness of that part, and sometimes 
quite a noticeable prominence. When small 
there will be a flat appearance. The pri- 
mary function of this organ is the power to 
know the unseen. It is therefore inseeing, 



93 

intuitive, inspirational, impulsive and impres- 
sionable. Relating to the knowledge of the 
unseen, it is deductive — to draw from ; 
analogical — having conclusions before the 
evidence, yet correct about unseen prin- 
ciples. 

The principle of this organ is great 
spiritual discernment. We recognize the 
oneness of spirit in Creator and creature, 
and regard this organ as especially promotive 
thereof. This becomes the organ of wisdom 
when unity with God has been accomplished. 
Wisdom is the fear or reverence for God. 
This is the faculty referred to by Solomon 
when he says 'Wisdom is the principal thing 
therefore get wisdom." This is the "pearl 
of great price." Wisdom "crieth at the gates 
at the entry of the city, at the coming 
in at the doors." 

This is the "wisdom the gain of which 
is better than fine gold, more precious than 
rubies. All things thou canst desire are not 
to be compared unto her." 

The function of the organ of Reason is 
comprehensive. It deals with the begin- 
ning and end. It can often tell the end from 
the beginning, especially in spiritual things. 



94 

It is wholesale — takes in all. It is analytical, 
synthetical, critical and prophetical. This 
is the " hidden treasure in the field," and is to 
be sought after as such. 

Reason is divided into upper and lower, 
the lower being theoretical and speculative, 
while the upper is practical, and is the 
organ of the conscience — the still small voice. 

Phrenology locates the organ of Con- 
scientiousness in the coronal part of the 
head. 

Reason is a necessary organ for philoso- 
phers, scientists, teachers and preachers of 
the Truth. This is the talent of inspiration, 
"the light that giveth light unto all that are 
in the house" of the faculties. 

Understanding, located on each side of 
theoretical Reason, shown by a squareness 
and fullness there ; sometimes when very 
active, will appear like little knobs. It is 
also shown by a fullness over the eye, below 
the brow. Primary function : conclusion in 
regard to seen things. It is inductive, logi- 
cal and apprehensive. Cannot judge of the 
unseen. Useful and a very valuable organ 
for all occupations or professions. Even 
where there is a large development of Reason, 



95 

Understanding will give increased power. 
" O ye simple understand Wisdom." 

Understanding is divided into two parts : 
the upper and inner the most intellectual, 
and the lower and outer inclining to be 
cunning and crafty. "Be wise as serpents." 
"He taketh the wise in their own craftiness.'' 



There is an organ which properly be- 
longs to this group called by Phrenologists 
"Sauvity or Agreeableness." It is located 
on each side of the upper part of Reason, in 
front of Imitation and back of Understanding. 
We think a better name than Sauvity or 
Agreeableness, is Justice and its primary 
function Correct Judgment. It is a high 
order of Understanding and works well with 
either or both Reason and Understanding. 



CHAPTER V. 



ORGANS 

of the; 

SPIRITUAL FACULTIES 
FOUR. 



(?) 97 



PLATE VI. 




WILLIAM E. DODGE). 



IOO 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE VI. 

SPIRITUAL ORGANS. . 

Notice the large development of the region of the upper 
frontal head. The Perceptives are also large and active. 
(Chapter II.) Moral group small. (Chapter VII.) Or- 
gans of animal nature small. (Chapter VIII.) This is 
also a good illustration of Hope Head. (Chapter XIV.) 

Wm. B. Dodge was one of those men who in business 
affairs believed in fidelity to principle and thereby won 
the esteem of his fellow men and great wealth. He was 
active in politics in President Lincoln's time. As a 
reformer and philanthropist Mr. Dodge was best known. 
He resigned from the Union League Club because it 
served wine at its banquets. He resigned directorship of 
Central Railroad of N. J. because it began to run trains 
on Sundaj\ Benevolent enterprises of every kind re- 
ceived his cordial support. Some years his contributions 
to charitable purposes averaged one thousand dollars per 
day. Surely in him it was blessed to give. 



IOI 



102 



organs of the spiritual faculties : four. 

Beneficence, Benevolence, Venera- 
tion, Hope are called Spiritual, because 
their functions as a group, relate to the 
unseen principles of true spirituality, per- 
taining to deeds of mercy, love, charity, 
sympathy, humility, veneration, hope, faith. 

The organ of Reason, although classed 
with the reflectives is also one of the spirit- 
ual organs. When all these organs are large 
and leading, a person may be said to be spir- 
itually minded, because their faculties are 
all the time making and leaving impres- 
sions upon the memory that influence the 
character and life. 

These organs, when leading, indicate 
the true preacher and teacher of Christianity, 
or a life full of deeds of mercy, love, charity, 
sympathy, humility, veneration, hope and 
faith. This group is situated at the upper 
part of the frontal head. For large Spiritual 
organs see Plate VI., XVI., XX. and XXII. 

Beneficence is located directly back of 
and next to Reason. It is shown by great 
fullness and apparent prominence. Primary 
function, merciful action. 



103 

The faculty of this organ is to reach out 
a helping hand to those who need. It is 
the great organ of mercy and love for the 
uplifting of the oppressed. "Blessed are the 
merciful for they shall obtain mercy." It 
is the great organ of philanthropy and it is 
necessary for right development. 

Benevolence, located back of and next 
to Beneficence. Primary function, sympathy. 
It may however exercise its function simply 
in expression of sympathy and good will, 
but never do anything to relieve the sub- 
ject, unless for selfish ends, expecting in 
return, something to compensate for its sym- 
pathy. It may therefore be employed for 
selfish ends. 

This organ is valuable for Surgeons, 
Physicians and Nurses, in order that they 
may sympathize with the suffering, otherwise 
they will have an imperfect conception of the 
condition of the patient. 

Veneration, located back of Benevo- 
lence, about the middle of the top of the 
head. Its primary function, veneration or 
worship. It may, or may not be, a true 
spiritual organ. Veneration may be exer- 
cised toward some earthly idol, for instance 
gold or its equivalent. Whatever the indi- 



104 

vidual considers most worthy of worship. 
Covetousness, which is idolatry in one of its 
forms, is a phase of veneration, bnt trnly 
exercised toward the only proper object, God, 
with the feeling of His Supreme Majesty, 
it causes the person to humble himself before 
Him, and it thus becomes the facuhy of 
humility and true worship. This faculty 
therefore leads to bowing down in humility 
and looking up in reverence. 

Hope, located each side laterally of 
Veneration, back of Wonder. Its large de- 
velopment is shown by a fullness or rounding 
out of that part of the cranium. Also by 
height from the ear up. When small and 
deficient, there will appear to be a depression 
at that point. Primary function, waiting. 
It is therefore adapted to the unseen "for 
hope that is seen is not hope, for if we hope 
for that which we see not, then do we with 
patience wait for it." Therefore its large 
development fits its possessor for places 
where calmness of action is required. It is 
adapted to unlooked for occurrences, times of 
accidents, mishaps and emergencies. In such 
cases this organ promotes a coolness and 
self-possession which enables the individual 
to act with deliberation, yet doing the right 



io5 

thing at the right time. It also promotes a 
desire for freedom from set rules, customs, 
traditions etc. 

Persons with the organ large, are not 
bound by the conventionalities of popularity 
but seek the retirement of solitude and are 
therefore apt to be called "lone goers ;" often 
shunning sociability and seeking seclusion 
from the world. They are called "odd," 
"funny," or "peculiar." In fact, this organ 
and the other spiritual organs are possessed 
by the "peculiar people of God," "the hidden 
ones" whom "God keeps in the hollow of his 
hand." 

This organ is useful to army and navy 
Officers, Philanthropists, Frontiersmen, Re- 
formers and those who lead in any move- 
ment, civil, moral or spiritual. 

Persons with this organ large, are not 
conventional, and cannot go with or follow 
the crowd, but are found in retirement by 
themselves, or in the front ranks leading in 
the fight for principle. Being adapted for 
the unseen, they are not suited to worldly 
occupation, except in trying times and adver- 
sity. In such times they shine brightly, 
and their full glory and value are not known 
until they have had such trying experience. 



io6 

It sometimes occurs that persons with a 
large development of this group of organs can 
see no beauty or comeliness in the things of 
the spirit ; having the form of Godliness but 
denying the power. Such persons viewing 
the Bible from a material standpoint, to the 
spirit become dead, "for the letter killeth but 
the spirit giveth life." Such persons are 
truly called scorners or perverters and doubt- 
ers. "For we are saved by Hope" "Which 
Hope we have as an anchor to the soul." 
But all who rightly use these organs inter- 
pret the Scriptures according to their higher 
or spiritual import, for they have spiritual 
discernment. 



CHAPTER VI. 



ORGANS 

OF THF, 

ESTHETIC FACULTIES 
SEVEN. 



IO7 



PLATE VII. 




WM. C. CORNWELL. 



no 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE VII. 

ESTHETIC FACULTIES. 

The illustration of this group is large. Notice the 
great width of the head at the region of ^Esthetic group. 
The perceptive organs are large. (Chapter II.) Good 
illustration of Sanguine Bilious Temperment. (Chap- 
ter XX.) The activity of the intellectual is developed 
in artistic originality. 

Mr. Cornwell has been cashier of the Bank of Buffalo 
since 1877. "An unparalleled growth in the business of 
the bank in a decade is due in great measure to the 
original ideas of Mr. Cornwell put into practical use, 
without departing from the safe lines of financial 
policy." 

Mr Cornwell has a theory that every hard working 
man should have some pursuit as a recreation. In his 
own case he naturally chose for his recreation the pursuits 
of music and art. His books of the festivals 1884 and 
1888, are well known as exquisite and artistic feasts of 
musical composition. Two of his noteworthy examples 
of original ceiling decorations are in the Merchants' Ex- 
change and Music Hall, Buffalo, N. Y. A literary 
conception, The music of the spheres, is seen in the frieze 
of Music Hall and is considered one of the finest pieces of 
musical mechanism in the country. These few facts in 
regard to Mr. Cornwell very forcibly illustrate the large 
development of the ^Esthetic organs, indicating in him 
great originality and desire for critical perfection. The 
large perceptives are the means by which he quickly 
perceives how to use his originality both in business 
and recreation. 

Ill 



112 



organs of the .esthetic faculties : seven. 

Wit, Mirthfulness, Imitation, Won- 
der, Fancy, Ideality, Constructiveness. 
These organs are located on the lateral 
frontal head, below the spiritual organs. 
When large they indicate a high degree of 
polish and finish, and for this reason are 
called Esthetic. For illustration see Plate 
VIL, XXI., XXV., XXVII. 

The functions of this group of organs 
are critical, imaginary, visionary and imita- 
tive, and therefore they are sometimes called 
"the superficial group ;" but some of them are 
very important, being deep as the fountain 
from which spring thoughts from whence 
the actions proceed. 

Wit is located above and back of Under- 
standing. Primary function, creative mirth. 

Mirthfulness, located next to and 
back of Wit. Primary function, appreciative 
Mirth. 

There are but few original witty per- 
sons, or those who are capable of so con- 
structing and using words that laughter or 



H3 

merriment takes place in those who have 
appreciative mirth. A person with large 
Mirth fnlness can see and appreciate the 
point of a witty saying, bnt one with small 
Mirthfulness cannot. 

Imitation, located each side of Benefi- 
cence. Large development is shown by a 
fullness or sharp ridge laterally off from 
Beneficence. Primary function, to imitate. 
Necessary for actors, artists of all kinds, who 
simply copy or imitate. 

Wonder, located back of Imitation, each 
side of Benevolence, and in front of Hope. 
Primary function appreciation of the marvel- 
ous, delighting in the mysterious, rejoicing 
in the wonderful. It is called by Phrenolo- 
gists, Spirituality. In and by itself it is not 
a true spiritual organ, only as it is allied 
with those that are of the spiritual group, 
because its function is to simply appreciate 
the wonderful and marvelous in nature, but 
its possessor may be blind to the Spirit who 
"moves in a mysterious way his wonders to 
perform." 

Fancy, located below Wonder, and back 
of Mirthfulness. When large there is a 

(8) 



ii4 

squareness of the upper lateral, frontal head. 
Primary function to imagine. 

Ideality, located below and a little in 
front of Fancy. Primary function also to 
imagine. Fancy and Ideality together 
constitute the imagination. Ideality differs 
from Fancy in the purity of its images. 

These two are the organs of the heart 
faculties; "the heart is deceitful above all 
things and desperately wicked." "The 
thoughts of the imagination of the heart, 
shall live forever." The functions of these 
organs are to build castles, not in the air, but 
in the imagination. They become fixed in 
the memory until the would-be-possessor 
thereof reaches out to grasp them, when he 
realizes that his heart has deceived him. 

When the ideas or images become fixed 
in thoughts, and the thoughts ultimate in 
words or deeds, then Ideality and Fancy are 
of great value. They are the great organs of 
originality ; of the inventive genius ; of the 
ideal*. They promote sensitiveness. They 
are useful, when the thoughts are founded 
on facts, for all classes, conditions and walks 
of life ; but when the thoughts exist only in 
imagination, as in novel writing, the}' become 



H5 
fiction, or lies and their name is legion. 

CONSTRUCTIVENESS, located below and 
in front of Ideality. Primary function, to 
build or construct. Necessary for all mechan- 
ics, inventors, sculptors, artists and all 
employed in building. To the literary man 
this organ becomes useful in constructing 
words and sentences. 

In the building up of individual charac- 
ter, it is the function of this organ to put the 
different principles together, each one in its 
proper place so that the whole shall be a 
compact, strong structure that shall withstand 
the storms of time and rise above them into 
the Eternal. 



CHAPTER VII. 



ORGANS 



OF THE) 



MORAL FACULTIES 
SIX. 



"7 



PLATE VIII. 




WM. R. MORRISON. 



1 20 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE VIII. 

ORGANS OF THE MORAL FACULTIES. 

Notice the large, full development in the Coronal divis- 
ion. Understanding is also large. (Chapter IV.) This 
belongs to the business class. (Chapter XVII.) Good 
illustration of Sanguine-Bilious Temperament. (Chapter 
XX.) 

Wm. R. Morrison is the well known Illinois statesman. 
He has been a member of Congress for fifteen years and 
is extensively known as a tariff reformer. Mr. Morrison's 
chosen profession is that of a lawyer. He was a member 
of the Illinois Legislature before entering Congress where 
he has become one of the leaders in tariff reform meas- 
ures. Mr. Morrison has gained the reputation of being 
a great thinker and may often be seen in a deep study, 
at which times he will pass unrecognized, his most 
intimate friends who regard him as a marvel of absent 
mindedness. 



121 



122 



organs of the moral faculties : six. 

Firmness, Self-esteem, Convention- 
ality, Approbativeness, Cautiousness, 
Watchfulness, are situated in the coronal 
region of the brain. For large development 
see Plates VIII., XIX. and XXXIV. For 
small development Plate XX. and XXII. 
They are called Moral, because they relate to 
the outward law, way or manner. They be- 
long almost entirely to the earthly or 
worldly functions of life. They are valuable 
for business and employments that relate 
to visible things. 

Firmness, located back of Veneration. 
Its large development is often shown by a 
marked prominence or apparent ridge of the 
cranium at that point. Primary function, 
steadfastness, perseverance, patience, determ- 
ination. This is the organ of the will 
power : the overcoming faculty. 

It is divided into front and back parts, 
the latter being more akin to stubbornness or 
stiff-neckedness. A large development of this 
organ indicates immovability, but where 
small, fickleness or wavering of character. 



123 

This faculty therefore is one to be culti- 
vated by all persons who desire stability of 
character, but care should be taken to avoid 
an excessive development so as to become 
stubbornness which is a species of idolatry. 

Self-Esteem, located back of Firmness, 
just at the turn of the head downward. Pri- 
mary function, self-respect, not self-confidence 
but that dignity which will not stoop to 
anything low or mean : a dignity that has 
much to do with character, showing in what 
respect or value it is held by the individual. 

This organ is divided into two parts, 
the back being the love of power. The front 
part of this organ is rather deficient in most 
heads, and in such cases persons do not 
value their own talents but are apt to hide 
them. 

Conventionality, located each side of 
Firmness, back of Hope. When developed, 
this organ is quite large in comparison with 
the others, and causes squareness to the up- 
per and back part of the coronal region. Its 
primary function is activity. 

This is the organ of practicability or hand 
work, adapting its possessor to the pursuits 
of business. Its large development indicates 
a love of show and to put on appearances, also 



124 

sociability, and self-confidence. It is the 
organ of belief and a person with it large will 
believe without waiting to get the facts, and 
will often believe that which is not true, 
and in turn unwittingly tell it for the truth 
although it is falsehood. In this way Con- 
ventionality sometimes becomes the organ of 
lying, and a lie may be told through a great 
desire to put on show or make believe. 

A function of this organ also is a desire 
to be with the multitude in popular move- 
ments, or in conventions and gatherings 
where there is an opportunity for show, pro- 
moting a tendency to follow, not to lead, and 
often to follow the wrong. 

This organ is divided into two parts: 
the function of the upper, love of duty ; of 
the lower, love of forms, rules, ceremonies, 
customs, traditions. Desire to put belief 
into action usually leads to adherence to old 
ideas promoting conformity to the world. 
Persons with Conventionality large, love rules 
or routine and become regulated in confor- 
mity therewith. Phrenologists call this 
organ Conscientiousness, because its function, 
love of duty, regulates the individual. 

But love of duty is not conscience. It 
depends upon what has been learned as duty, 



125 

for example : " Honesty is the best policy," 
whereas honesty is also a principle, which 
enters into conscience and is a virtue as well 
as a duty. It is always right even when not 
policy. For true conscientiousness see the 
organ of Reason, Chapter IV. A great 
majority of all classes of criminals have 
Conventionality very large. In itself it is 
not criminal, but associated with evil, it 
becomes active in executing it. 

This organ large, indicates great execu- 
tive ability for good or evil, being useful for 
business in all branches for practical hand 
work and for sociability. Also indicating 
confidence in ones own importance, out- 
ward composure but inward restlessness. 

ApprobativEneSS, location back of Con- 
ventionality, each side of Self-Esteem. 
Where large it causes a rounded out appear- 
ance to the coronal region of the head. Its 
primary function, love of approval, sometimes 
loving and giving undue flattery. It 
promotes a fondness for being well thought 
of, and is sometimes called the "don't hate 
me" element in the character. It often leads 
a person to appear to be a friend and the next 
moment if he fail to receive just or unjust 
flattery to become an enemy. Pride, vanity, 



126 

and haughtiness are some of the manifesta- 
tions of this organ. 

Cautiousness, located below Convention- 
ality, and a little back on the turn of head. 
Primary function, prudence or guarding 
the future. 

Persons with this organ large, are look- 
ing out for things likely to occur in business, 
and are therefore careful about speculation, 
planning ahead against disaster, and if it 
happen are prepared for it. Cautiousness is 
therefore useful for speculators and business 
men. 

Watchfulness, below Hope, in front of 
Cautiousness and back of Fancy. When 
active it often presents a very sharp prom- 
inence. Primary, function alertness, making 
its possessor wakeful and watchful of his pre- 
sent surrounding. It therefore adapts its 
possessor to present conditions and time. 

Now being the only time that is prom- 
ised, how important to watch lest we enter 
into temptation. This organ is useful for 
miners and those working under ground in 
tunnels, for scouts, and guides, where there is 
present danger. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



ORGANS 

of the; 

ANIMAL NATURE 
SIX. 



127 




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132 



organs of the animal nature : six. 
Alimentiveness, Acquisitiveness, De- 

STRUCTIVENESS, SECRETIVENESS, CoMBAT- 
IVENESS, BiBATivENESS are situated on the 
lateral part of the head, in front, above, and 
back of the ear. For large development see 
Plates IX., XII., XIII., and XXVIII. They 
are sometimes called organs of the selfish, 
animal faculties because they mostly resemble 
such as are found in animals, relating to eat- 
ing, drinking, fighting and secreting. They 
are good and useful servants of the intellec- 
tual faculties, but are bad masters. 

Alimentiveness is located below Con- 
structiveness. When large, it runs down the 
cheek and also back toward the ear. Primary 
function, desire to eat. This is good if the 
person eat to live, but when he becomes 
gluttonous and lives to eat, this desire is a 
bad master. Persons with this organ large, 
love to eat and enjoy their food to such an 
extent that they often eat too much. It is 
also, when large, in healthy persons, an 
indication of good nutrition and digestion. 

Acquisitiveness, located longitudinally 
above and back of Alimentiveness and below 



133 

Watchfulness, Primary function, to acquire 
either money or its equivalent, it is therefore 
when large, the organ of covetonsness. 
Knowledge and learning are acquired by the 
use of other organs. It is divided into two 
parts, the function of the front is to save, of 
the back to get. A moderate development 
of it is necessary for business and all practi- 
cal purposes. Beware of covetousness which 
is idolatry. 

DestructivENESS, located above the ear, 
is often shown by great breadth through the 
head from ear to ear. Its great activity is 
shown by prominence. Primary function, 
aggressiveness, to attack, push and dash. It 
is adapted to the military profession and to 
certain Temperaments, being promotive of 
ambition. It is through this organ that a 
hasty temper manifests itself in angry words 
or actions. A large development of this organ 
indicates disquietude. Most prize fighters 
and wild animals of the carnivorous races 
have Destructiveness largely developed. 

SECRETivENESS located a little back and 
above Destructiveness, and below Cautious- 
ness. Primary function, to hide away, indi- 
cating in its possessor the habit of secreting 
even in matters of truth. Also of lying in 



134 

wait, "seeking whom lie may devour," like 
some, wild animal watching for prey. In 
combination with other organs, a man with 
this organ large, would be apt at setting a trap 
secretively to catch the unsuspecting victim. 
"Thou sly fox, how thou hast destroyed the 
vineyard." 

CombativENKSS, located back of De- 
structiveness, and a little above it. Primary 
function, to defend. Persons with this organ 
large do not attack but are ever ready to 
defend themselves against insult or injury. 
It is the organ of the defensive faculty and in 
conjunction with other organs, it becomes of 
great value and use to reformers and philan- 
thropists, indicating moral courage to combat 
wrong or evil, though all the hosts of dark- 
ness are arrayed against them. Persons with 
this organ large, often take up the weak side 
and defend the down trodden and oppressed. 
It is useful in the great fight for the princi- 
ples of right and truth, in advancing 
Christianity. 

BiBATivENESS, shown by widening out 
of neck below the ear, not the prominence of 
glands or muscles, but a widening out front 
and back. This is sometimes called the 
drink organ. Primary function, desire for 
drink. Persons with it large, require much 



. T 35 

liquid in their systems. Plenty of water, fre- 
quent bathing, damp climate, etc. agree with 
them. For rest or recreation they should go 
to the sea-shore or take a voyage on the 
ocean. Persons with small Bibativeness 
should observe the opposite of this advice 
and not use much liquid, but take sufficient 
bathing for cleanliness, and resort to a dr}^ 
mountainous climate for rest and recreation. 
It is very important for persons seeking 
health or pleasure to understand their own 
organization in this respect in order to seek 
the right conditions of nature, the climatic 
circumstances adapted to their physical or- 
ganism and temperament in order to secure 
the most harmonious results. 

Large Bibativeness is generally found 
with Lymphatic Temperaments, and small 
with the Encephalic. But there are excep- 
tions to this rule. Each organism is a 
creation with peculiar characteristics belong- 
ing to itself, all organisms depending upon 
one Great Source of light and life. Another 
important factor in Bibativeness is its relation 
to the habit of drinking intoxicants to an 
excess. Persons with it large require much 
liquid in their systems and because of the 
popularity of drinking intoxicating liquors 



136 

they are apt to fall victims to the habit. If 
such persons understood this principle and 
acted according to the above advice, they 
could easily overcome this habit if they so 
desire. It should not be supposed that a 
large development of this organ is alone indi- 
cative of a drinking character. The whole 
organism should be taken into consideration 
in order to arrive at a correct conclusion. 



CHAPTER IX. 



ORGANS 

OF THE 

DOMESTIC FACULTIES 
SEVEN. 



137 



PLATE X. 




ROBERT P. PORTER. 



140 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE X. 

DOMESTIC ORGANS. 

This plate shows the group very large. Notice the 
large development in the occipital division. This is a 
Hope Head. (Chapter XIV.) Large Spiritual organs. 
(Chapter V.) Considerable of the Sanguine Tempera- 
ment. (Chapter XIX.) 

Robert P. Porter, Supt. of Census Bureau, was born in 
England. At the age of fifteen he emigrated to the 
United States and received his education in the state of 
Illinois. Soon after completing his education, he joined 
the staff of the Chicago Inter Ocean. While thus em- 
ployed he became interested in political economy. In 
1879 he was appointed Chief of the United States Census 
Bureau, devoting his time to gathering facts in regard to 
wealth, debts, taxation, railroads etc. In 1883 he 
was appointed by President Arthur, a member of the 
Tariff Commission of which he became Secretary. He 
has traveled extensively in England and Germany. 
While on his journey he wrote celebrated articles in refer- 
ence to the tariff question which were published in the 
New York Tribune. He is Editor of the New York Press. 
Robert P. Porter's experience and well known qualities 
as an organizer well qualify him for the responsible 
position of Supt. of the United States Census of 1890, 



141 



142 



ORGANS OF THE DOMESTIC FACULTIES: SEVEN. 

Continuity, Inhabitiveness, Adhe- 
siveness, PHIEOPROGENITIVENESS, CONJUgAE- 
ity, Tenacity, AmativEness all relate to 
tlie home and its associations. They are 
located in the occipital portion of the head. 
For large development see plates XVIII., 
XX. and XXXI. 

Continuity is located below Self- 
Esteem ; is crescent shaped with points down- 
ward. It is more often deficient than large. 
Primary function, continuance. Persons 
with this organ large, dislike to change their 
business, home or surroundings. 

Adhesiveness, located each side of Con- 
tinuity and below Approbativeness. Primary 
function, clinging. It is likened to a vine 
clinging to its support. It is a strong ele- 
ment in friendship. A person with Adhesive- 
ness large, loves to have friends on whom he 
can lean and who will lean on him. He will 
have a strong tendency toward sociability, 
friendship, love. 

PhiloprogenitivENESS, located below 
Self-Esteem. Primary function, love, of pets, 



143 

children in particular. Persons with this 
organ large, love children and other pets such 
as cats, birds, dogs etc. Fashionable women 
with small Philoprogenitiveness are apt, in 
order to be in fashion, to take their pet poodle 
riding in the park while the children are left 
at home, however much they may need pure 
air and a change of surroundings. 

InhabiTivENESS, located each side of 
Philoprogenitiveness, and below Adhesiveness. 
Primary function, love of home and all con- 
nected therewith. A person with this organ 
prominent, is strongly attached to home, and 
though far away will love to go back to visit 
it. A large development indicates love of 
native land and tends to patriotism. 

Conjugality, located below Inhabitive- 
ness. Primary function, joining to, or union 
for life. This organ large, indicates a strong 
attachment for one of the opposite sex. A 
person so organized is not only affectionate, 
but loves to be loved, and has a strong desire 
to live in conjugality. 

AmativEneSS, located in the cerebellum 
or little brain, often extends, when large, far 
down in the neck, with a large, wide fullness 
at the back. Primary function to love the 



144 

opposite sex. It indicates also vitality and 
animal vigor. In this respect it is like the 
motor which drives all the other machinery. 

It is claimed by some scientists that this 
organ is the real life, or vitality of the ani- 
mal structure of man, and without it there 
could be no life. It is the organ which has 
to do with procreation, and in this way 
supplies the vitality or life of the new crea- 
ture. Very important therefore, is it, that 
this organ be properly developed and wisely 
used, and that excess and lust after the 
pleasure be avoided: "for whatever is born 
of lust is sin." 

Tenacity, located in the cerebellum 
each side of Amativeness. Primary function, 
holding on to life. Not because of the desire 
of its possessors to live in "our earthly house 
of this tabernacle," but that inward clinging 
which makes the hold upon life very strong. 
Persons with this organ large often recover 
from sickness to the surprise of friends and 
physicians, and hold on to life to a very old 
age, some of them fairly "drying up" before 
their Tenacity will let go. 

This organ with Amativeness, are the 
only organs that we recognize in the cerebel- 



145 

lum. The organs of the Domestic Faculties, 
except Tenacity and Amativeness, as a rule, 
are largest in the female. 

The student will observe that all these 
organs are concerned in the home and home 
relations. Mothers are the queens of home, 
and to them belong the greatest responsibil- 
ity, and the honor and the glory thereof. 
It is a mother's province to so exercise 
authority, by love, that home shall be the 
centre around which the affections of child- 
hood and manhood will linger. The mother 
is thus the greatest factor in forming human- 
ity into a nobler and more God-like race. 



CHAPTER X. 



SUMMARY 

AND 

PHYSIOGNOMY 



r 47 



PLATE XL 




WM. C. GRAY. PH.D. 



I50 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XL 

INTELLECTUAL SPIRITUAL. 

There is shown a high development of the spiritual 
organs. (Chapter V.) The Moral group small. (Chapter 
VII.) Active Memory. (Chapter III.) This also belongs 
to the professional class of heads. (Chapter XVII.) 

Wm. C. Gray Ph. D. is the well known Editor of The 
Interior, Chicago. "Dr. Gray is a witty, sarcastic and 
very forcible writer. His style is direct and terse, and he 
makes abundant use of illustrations from life." We 
should judge from his picture that Dr. Gray is adapted 
to emergencies, and dark and trying times, rather than to 
worldly prosperity. 



151 



152 



summary and physiognomy. 

Intellectual Spiritual ; Intellect- 
ual Moral ; Intellectual Animal ; Indi- 
cations of the Chin, Mouth, Lips, Eyes, 
Ear, Cheek and Nose. 

We have seen that there are forty-six 
organs of the brain in each hemisphere with 
the same functions to the organs in both. 
Some scientists subdivide these organs into 
many more, but for all practical purposes 
these include the whole. We have these 
organs divided into eight groups or classes. 
(Plate L, Fig. 2.) 

These gronps enable the student to locate 
the organs on the cranium with accuracy, 
and at the same time obtain a general idea 
of the nature of the faculties of each par- 
ticular gronp, and to show its location and 
relation to the others. While each organ has 
a function of its own, when in combination 
with others it produces results which may be 
in harmony or at variance with the leading 
characteristics. Characters are therefore 
sometimes at war within themselves. What- 
ever the development of character, it requires 
careful thought and study to properly com- 



153 

prehend, analyze and rednce its several 
parts into proper relation to each other. 
Then it is necessary again to pnt the whole 
together in order to complete the intellectual 
structure. 

The mental nature of man may be divi- 
ded into three classes, viz : 

Intellectual Spiritual, Plates XL, IV. 

Moral, " XII., VIII. 
Animal, " XIIL, IX, Fig. 2. 

By careful study of the nature of these 
classes and by observation to determine to 
which class the character belongs, the 
student will be able to judge of its charac- 
teristics. 

As the degree of intellectuality increas- 
es or decreases, so will it be with the power 
of the character in its respective class. 

The combinations in several forms and 
the important subject of Temperaments, 
which is a great factor in understanding hu- 
man nature, in its relation to the divine, will 
be treated of in succeeding chapters. 

While the brain as indicated on the sur- 
face of the cranium, has been and must be 
the foundation for the study of man in his 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XII. 



INTELLECTUAL MORAL. 

In this illustration not much of the moral group can be 
seen, but we have the Physiognomical signs large. No- 
tice the large development of Understanding. (Chapter 
IV.) Large Perceptives. (Chapter II.) The full devel- 
opment of the organs of the animal nature indicating a 
material use of the intellectual organs. This head repre- 
sents the four temperaments. (Chapter XXI.) Two- 
thirds of whole Sanguine and Bilious, and one-third 
equally divided between Encephalic and Lymphatic. 

Jesse J. Finley is an able and experienced lawyer and 
politician. He has been identified with public affairs 
in three different states. He served with distinction 
in the Civil war retiring at its close a Colonel. 



*54 



PLATE XII. 




GEN. JESSE FINLEY. 



155 



157 

highest nature, yet there are certain deno- 
tations of the face and neck that may indi- 
cate with some certainty, characteristics of 
the individual. But these characteristics 
correspond to, and are the result of the devel- 
opment of the brain, and are reflected in the 
features, and correspond to the cranial devel- 
opment. 

Physiognomy therefore deserves some 
thought and study, from the student of Crani- 
ognomy. 

The general indices to be observed are 
those points or poles of the face, which are 
the most reliable and cannot be changed by 
the will, exercising the muscles of the face, 
or a part of them. It is a well established 
fact that actors, detectives and those who 
have good imitation, can quite easily change 
the expression of the face, from a frown to a 
smile, from anger to joy, from mirth to sor- 
row, from love to hate and in an almost end- 
less way change that of the countenance, so 
that not much dependence ought to be placed 
upon the Physiognomy of any person. 

The points to be observed are the chin, 
mouth, lips, eyes, ears, cheeks and nose. 
The rule to be observed is that these points 
correspond to those of the cranium inversely, 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XIII. 



INTELLECTUAL ANIMAL. 

This illustration indicates more development of the 
frontal and intellectual part of the head than really ex- 
isted. The skull is very low in the front, only the lower 
part of Understanding being developed. (Chapter IV. ) 
The organs of the animal nature are very large. (Chapter 
VIII.) The large development is in the Coronal and basil 
divisions. (Chapter I.) A fair development of the Percep- 
tives with the other large organs, gave Antoine Probst 
great power for evil. (Chapter II.) The small devel- 
opment is in the Reflectives. (Chapter IV.) And 
Spiritual organs. (Chapter V.) 

Antoine Probst was French or German. By reason of 
some crime he came to America. This is the man who 
murdered the Deering family of eight persons, at Phila- 
delphia, Pa. The details of which are too revolting to 
repeat here. 



158 



PLATE XIII. 




ANTOINB PROBST. 



159 



i6i 

as if we were to turn the head around verti- 
cally, changing place of Self-Esteem with 
chin, the mouth would be Firmness, the nose 
denoting Veneration. Each side of Venera- 
tion Hope, below Hope each side of the 
mouth a full rounded out appearance would 
be Approbativeness, when square it would 
express Conventionality. 

The eye may be stingy or generous, 
secretive or open, destructive or combative, 
the ear may be adapted to music or not, and 
may denote destructiveness or combative- 
ness. 

For the details of Physiognomy the stu- 
dent is referred to the works of Lavater who 
is acknowledged to be the standard au- 
thority. There are many good works in 
relation to Physiognomy that are compre- 
hensive aud instructive. Lavater acknowl- 
edges the supremacy of the skull and brain. 
I quote his own words on the nature of man : 
"It is clear that Intellectual life, or the pow- 
er of understanding, and the mind, make 
themselves most apparent in the circumfer- 
ence and form of the solid parts of the 
head : especially in the forehead. 

" Is there any occasion to prove that the 
powers of thinking reside neither in the foot, 

in) 



162 

in the hand nor in the back ; but in the head 
and its internal parts. 

"I take the system of the bones as the 
great outline of man, the skull as the prin- 
cipal part of that system. I pay more 
attention to the form and arching of the 
skull, as far as I am acquainted with it, 
than all my predecessors, and that I have 
considered this most least changeable and 
far best defined part of the human body, 
as the foundation of the science of Physiog- 
nomy. 

"Let us, oh ye who adore that wisdom, 
which has framed all things, contemplate 
the human skull." 



CHAPTER XI. 



COMBINATIONS 

AND 

GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 



163 



i65 



COMBINATIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 



Heart, Will, Perception, Mind. 

In the preceding chapters we have con- 
sidered the location and primary function of 
each organ for itself, without reference to 
others : we now begin to study the organs 
in their relation to each other and to the 
whole. We see that they are differently de- 
veloped, and the relation they sustain to each 
other and to the whole, indicates the different 
characteristics which fit men and women for 
the various positions and occupations in 
life. 

We have shown that some of the organs 
relate to the seen, natural world with its tem- 
poral things, while others relate to the 
unseen principle by which all things exist, 
and to the intricate problems of life. 

The faculties of the brain relate to 
knowledge, learning, reflection, art, science, 
home and its affections, philosophy, me- 
chanics, business, professions, spirituality, 
morality, animality. 



1 66 

It is necessary to know which organs 
are large and which small so that we ina}' 
compare them together and learn their rela- 
tion to each other in the make np of the 
whole. The character is not indicated by 
one or two large or small organs, but by the 
combination of the whole. 

Some of these faculties work well with 
each other in the same direction, and others 
in another, so that there are two opposing 
elements. These must be studied and de- 
termined upon, in order to know which are 
the leading and which modify or accelerate 
the leading ones and thereby determine the 
character as a whole. This is quite easy to 
do with some persons, but difficult with 
others. 

We must come back to the first princi- 
ple with which we started, namely the divis- 
ion of the brain into frontal, coronal and 
basil regions. We first determine what part 
is the largest, and then the largest organ in 
that part, then look at the rest of the head 
in order to decide which help or modify the 
leading organs. 

All of the faculties are intended to be 
used in a proper way and in their proper 



167 

places : some as rulers in the house ; some as 
servants, some kings, some subjects, some 
keepers of the king's treasure. Some guards 
and soldiers, some to watch and guide, some 
to follow, some relate to going out into the 
world, others to staying at home. Some to 
sow, others to reap, all to do the part as- 
signed them, so that the whole may be a 
harmonious structure of living character. 

Another fundamental principle to be re- 
membered and made practical is this : those 
organs nearest to the median line, as a rule, 
are of more importance than those further 
away. 

There are some faculties that work 
well with any character, and are very use- 
ful and necessary for every person. 

First the will power or perseverance, 
which acts through the organ of Firmness., 
However great the desire or aspirations ; 
whatever the height of mark in life ; however 
good the intention ; whatever the resolution 
in regard to breaking away from old hab- 
its and forming new ones ; however or 
whatever these may may be, if the will be 
weak and vacillating and easily turned about 
by every wind of doctrine, or easily influ- 



i68 

enced into right or wrong and moulded by 
snrronndings and conditions, a person with 
snch a will, will have a hard struggle to pull 
against the tide and influences that surround 
him, he is unstable like water conforming to 
its surroundings. 

To enable a person to battle against the 
tide of opposing influences and circumstances 
that prevent progress in any direction, strong 
will power is very necessary. In all pur- 
suits, in all business, in all professions, 
obstacles and difficulties will be encountered, 
and must be overcome or yielded to. To 
every person who desires to use knowledge 
or make progress in any direction we see 
how very necessary this will power is. 

"He that overcometh shall inherit all 
things." Overcome is to come, not around 
or under but over. So it is that those per- 
sons who are on the heights of the mountain 
tops can enjoy scenery that those in the val- 
ley cannot. 

In like manner when we overcome the 
first difficulties that we encounter in life in 
ascending the mountains of knowledge, and 
still higher as we persevere and climb little 
by little, with much patience and persever- 
ance, we at last gain so much of a triumph 



169 

that we are far enough up the mountain side 
to enjoy the rich scenery below and the pure 
air made intensely delightful by the sense 
of obstacles overcome and victories gained. 

Firmness, will power, endurance, pa- 
tience, perseverance, will accomplish won- 
ders. 

Other important faculties in the make 
up of all characters, are the Perceptives, es- 
pecially the inner ones, as they develop 
power in the character either for good or evil. 
The Perceptives are the faculties by which 
we correct inward impressions, by reference 
to outside objects. They relate to the seen, 
or sensible things. They may be likened 
unto a balance wheel which regulates the 
rest of the machinery. When but partially 
developed, there will be an uneven running 
and want of balance in the character. It is 
not to be understood as desirable that they 
should be excessively large at the expense 
of others, but rather than have them smaller 
than others it is best to have them in 
the lead. 

The heart quality is another factor ii) 
the make up of character that is important 
It is the imagination, producing originality 



170 

the foundation of thought, from whence pro- 
ceed words expressing the truth, which is a 
"certainty of words" producing stability; or 
falsehood which indicates unreliability of 
character. 

Which one of these characteristics shall 
prevail depends upon how the affections, 
lusts, and desires, that operate upon and 
through the heart, are controlled by it. 
These characteristics may be either from the 
spiritual affections or they may come from 
the earthly lusts and desires. 

This brings us to the consideration of 
the mind. It is an important factor in the 
make up of all character. The operation of 
the Perceptives, Reflectives, Will, and Affec- 
tions, through and by the heart are retained 
in the mind and fill it with thoughts of the 
seen and temporal things, or of those that 
are unseen and eternal. We have therefore 
two kinds of minds the spiritual and carnal. 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE 



SPIRITUALLY MINDED 
HEAD. 



171 



PI.ATE XIV. 




GEO. H. STUART. 



1 74 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XIV. 

SPIRITUALLY MINDED HEAD. 

In this illustration notice the large development of the 
Spiritual organs. (Chapter V.) The large Perceptives. 
(Chapter II.) The organ of Ideality large, indicating 
originality. (Chapter VI.) This belongs to the Hope 
Head class. (Chapter XIV.) Originally an analogical 
reasoner but developed the faculties of the logical. 
(Chapter IV.) Sanguine, Bilious, Encephalic Tempera- 
ment. (Chapter XXI.) The whole organization is of a 
refined, sensitive nature. 

Mr. George H. Stuart was all his life connected with 
reforms, Christian Enterprises, Humanitarian and Phil- 
anthropic movements. In Temperance, in Sunday School 
and Mission work ; in the Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciations Mr. Stuart worked in the front ranks. In Anti- 
Slavery Agitation, and the founding of the United States 
Christian Commission was enthusiastic. Indeed he was 
the leader in the last named enterprise. He was intimate- 
ly associated with Presidents Lincoln and Grant and 
during the critical times of their administration they 
found in Mr. Stuart a cherished Counselor. 

In business Mr. Stuart was not without reverses, but 
such was the confidence in his integrity that he was 
offered a remunerative position, as President of a stock 
company. The demand for the stock soon became greater 
than the supply. A person cannot read the story of his 
life, written by himself, without acknowledging that this 
was a truly spiritually minded man who sowed to the 
spirit and reaped the enjoyment of Eternal Life. 



175 



i/6 



THE SPIRITUALLY MINDED HEAD. 

We will now consider the Spiritually 
Minded heads, those of the children of the 
Kingdom of Heaven. For Spiritually 
Minded Heads see Plates XIV., XVI., XX. 
and XXII. 

Let us now select and put together the 
organs that must be larger than others in 
order to constitute the spiritually minded 
head. 

First of all the most of the brain devel- 
opment must be in the frontal division, be- 
cause the organs which relate to the truly 
spiritual mind are in that part. Now look 
for the large development of Reason, primary 
function, direct knowledge of the unseen; 
Benevolence, sympathy ; Veneration, worship; 
Hope, waiting. Now we perceive that these all 
relate to the unseen principle or spirit of life, 
and to those virtues which are elevating in 
their nature, and to those higher principles 
of love to God and man, and the doing of 
those things that are helpful to mankind and 
that honor God. 



177 

Now let us see if there be any ether or- 
gans that help in this same direction. How 
about Firmness? It should be large, indicat- 
ing determination, perseverance, forbearance, 
patience, long suffering. Moral organs small 
as a group ; Watchfulness active and large, 
and there will be present alertness, watching 
and waiting for the bidding of the Spirit. 

How about the domestic organs? If 
these be large the home will be one of love 
and affection. 

How about the propensities? Small as a 
group, some large but still subordinate to the 
higher, but Combativeness large to give cour- 
age to fight for the right. 

How about the heart qualities, Ideality 
and Fancy? Ideality should be the largest, 
indicating a pure turn to the thoughts 
prompted by the spiritual faculties. 

How about Wonder? If it be large the 
person will have an appreciation of the won- 
derful, marvelous works of God. 

Now how will the memory be influenced 
by the operation of these faculties through 
it ? It will mind the things of God and be 
fixed on them. 

(12) 



i 7 8 

How about the Perceptives ? If large trie 
person will perceive the truth of the living 
realities in relation to God and add knowl- 
edge to wisdom, listening to the "still small 
voice" of conscience, and by the exercise of 
faith do the things that pertain to the King- 
dom of Heaven within. 

We now see that this combination makes 
the truly spiritual life. God is a spirit and 
must be spiritually discerned and not seen 
with the natural vision. Those of this class 
are the true preachers of Christianity, 
which consists in doing and living the 
words of Christ without reference to sect, 
form or creed. These are the persons who 
worship God in spirit and in truth, and need 
not "this mountain" or that city in which to 
worship but who have the Kingdom of God 
within — Christ the Truth, the King, they 
the subjects. 

These are the simple ones in the world 
and are not adapted to worldly pursuits. 
Not having the faculties which relate to 
external affairs, they often have a hard strug- 
gle to secure even the necessaries of life, yet 
have that faith in the unseen which brings 
them as a reward, that peace and comfort 
which the world cannot give. 



179 

These are they who are inspired by the 
things of the spirit. They often have an im- 
pression of trnth that comes to them with 
great power. They do not like mere formal- 
ity or ceremony in the service of God bnt 
delight in freedom. " Where the spirit of 
God is, there is freedom." 

They write, teach and preach nnder in- 
spiration, and oftentimes when attempting to 
act otherwise do other and better things than 
they intended. They are the trne servants 
of God, doing his will in adversity as well as 
in prosperity. Indeed they often do best in 
the darkest times and in honrs of peril. 

Persons with this spiritually minded 
head often become perverted, however, by or 
through wrong teaching : too much formality, 
ceremony, law or letter being forced upon 
them and not being of the letter " which kill- 
eth," but of "the spirit which maketh alive," 
they renounce and become scorners of for- 
mal religion. Others of this class being 
taught by those in authority and by the pop- 
ular ways of the people, to strive earnestly 
for the things of earth, have so stifled the 
spirit within that it is apparently dead or 
asleep. 



i8o 

Others also become perverted by not hav- 
ing a proper development of the perceptives 
to balance the imagination and thns are not 
able to perceive the trnth or make a distinc- 
tion between imagination and inspiration, 
they are liable to follow the former rather 
than the latter. 

This class of heads and all others, need 
a balancing of the organs to make them har- 
monious and useful. While it is good and 
necessary to have the spiritual organs leading, 
if they become excessively large they unfit 
the character for business by soaring too high 
above the mass of mankind in thought and 
deed. Persons so constituted are not practical 
in material things and therefore do not ac- 
complish as much good in the world as they 
would if they obeyed the command of Christ : 
"Be ye therefore wise as serpents" worldly 
wisdom) "and harmless as doves." 



CHAPTER XIII. 



the; 



CARNALLY MINDED 
HEAD. 



181 



PLATE XV. 




JACOB SHARP. 



184 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XV. 



CARNALLY MINDED HEAD. 

The cut of this head is not as good in finish as desired 
but the best to be obtained of this person. The first large 
development we notice is in the moral faculties. Unfor- 
tunately the work of the artist is such that the organ of 
Conventionality does not show. It was large in this 
head. (Chapter VII.) The next large development is in 
the organs of the animal nature. A front view shows 
them to be very large. (Chapter VIII.) The Perceptives 
are also large. (Chapter II.) The back head shows com- 
paritively small but there is great width there. The 
small development is in the spiritual organs. (Chapter 
V.) This head belongs to the Conventional class. 
(Chapter XV.) And to the Intellectual Animal class. 
(Chapter X.) 

Jacob Sharp was noted in connection with the Broadway 
Railway corruption. He was a peculiar man, with con- 
siderable tact and ability as a business schemer. "A 
compound of ignorance, low cunning, perseverance, with 
bluntness of moral sense that made his character a study 
and his life career a matter of local history." 



185 



i86 



THE CARNALLY MINDED HEAD. 



Let us now consider the carnally 
minded head. In the first place we find 
the largest part of the brain to be in the 
occipital, or it may be equally divided be- 
tween the frontal and occipital, or there may 
be a tendency to the basil and the organs of 
the propensities. For carnally minded heads 
see Plates XV., IX., (Fig. i), and XXVIII. 

The carnal part of the nature of man- 
kind is so much more developed than the 
spiritual, that there is a great variety of 
heads of this type. "Wide the gate, and 
and broad the way that leadeth to destruction, 
and many there be which go in thereat. 
Strait the gate, narrow the way, which lead- 
eth unto life, and few there be that find 
it." 

Now having decided in which division 
of the head the largest development of the 
brain is, or if that be hard to decide, we may 



i8 7 

look for the large organs. We find Under- 
standing large, the spiritual organs small or 
inactive, with some Benevolence and Vener- 
ation, which may be used for selfish purposes. 
We have thus far the indication of a carnally 
minded head. Continuing our investigation, 
we will find the moral organs as a group 
large. If Approbativeness be large the per- 
son will be fond of flattery, vain, proud, yet 
agreeably pleasant in ways and manners to 
friends : or he may turn in hate against those 
whom a few moments before he seemed to 
love. 

Cautiousness, that leads to planning for 
the future ; Acquisitiveness, that promotes 
love for the gold and silver of the world; 
Destructiveness, that indicates push and 
desire to go ahead, regardless of consequen- 
ces ; Secretiveness large : these are all indi- 
cations of a carnal mind. The domestic 
organs may be large or small, but with 
these indications, the home will be but a 
carnal dwelling place. 

Now add to these organs of the carnal 
mind, the organs of the will, heart qualities, 
perception and memory, the whole constitut- 
ing the carnally minded head, and we can 



i88 

readily perceive that the carnal nature, in 
its degrees of intensity or moderation, cause 
the heart to bring forth thoughts and ideas, 
that are in relation only to earthly things. 

It is not to be understoood that this kind 
of head has no spirituality or that no good 
can come of it. In fact persons with such 
heads are often the most practical, even in 
religious matters, if their earty training, sur- 
roundings and leaders bring them into relig- 
ious connections. Such are not the persons 
to lead in the real spirituality of the king- 
dom, but are adapted to follow and perform 
the practical duties suggested by those who 
are spiritually minded. They therefore often 
become noted as great practical workers in 
the maintenance of the forms and ceremonies 
of Christianity, and in the building of 
schools, seminaries, churches, etc. 

There are a great many kinds of carnal 
heads with a different degree of intensity and 
feeling. We have been speaking of that type 
which has enough of the intellectual and 
spiritual faculties developed to make its poss- 
essor like a good tree which bringeth forth 
good fruit, corresponding to its growth and 
vigor. 



189 

There are other types of the carnal na- 
ture that may and do become so absorbed in 
earthly things that they have no serious 
thoughts in regard to higher attainments, but 
are of the earth, earthy. 

Others partake so much of the animal 
and selfish nature that they become self- 
willed. "Instruments of cruelty are in their 
habitations." They are described by Solo- 
man: "A brutish person who knoweth not 
neither will he consider." 



CHAPTER XIV. 



THE 

HOPE HEAD 



191 



PLATE XVI. 




SAMUEL W. SMALL. 



194 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XVI. 

THE HOPE HEAD. 

Observe the large development at the location of the 
organ of Hope. (Chapter V.) Notice also the small or- 
gans of the Moral Faculties. (Chapter VII.) The large 
development of Reason and the other spiritual organs. 
(Chapters IV., V.) The large Perceptives. (Chapter II.) 
Organs of the animal nature small. (Chapter VIII.) 
Sanguine, Bilious, Encephalic Temperament. (Chapter 
XXI.) The organ of Firmness is very large in this head. 
(Chapter VII.) 

Rev Samuel W. Small is the well known reformer and 
advocate of the National Prohibition of the liquor traffic. 
Mr. Small having been bound by the monster habit 
drink, with all its allied vices, and having been redeemed 
by the power of God, he is one of the most powerful re- 
formers of the present time. His experience and testi- 
mony to the power of God to save a man, body, soul and 
spirit is wonderful. Very beautiful is his story of the 
faithfulness of his wife during the time of his debauch- 
ery. 

Mr. Small's chosen profession was that of a lawyer in 
which he took high rank. He has held several respon- 
sible public positions both in his native state and under 
the United States Government. He is a regular ordained 
minister of the M. E. Church. 



195 



196 



THE HOPE HEAD. 

Heads may be classified again into three 
casts, viz : Hope, Conventional, and Approba- 
tive. This is in order to make distinctions 
and help in the delineation of character. 

There is a great variety of each of 
these casts, a few only being given in order 
to illustrate the different combinations. 
Each head indicates its own character and 
that of its possessor. It is not best to com- 
pare one head with another, except for the 
purpose of illustrating the different develop- 
ments. 

The organs from which these three 
casts derive their names are indicated by 
the name of each cast. They are taken 
as a starting point in the delineation of 
character. 

One of these organs being leading, we 
have a start toward understanding the clas- 
sification. 

In this chapter we will consider the 
Hope Head in some of its variations, and 
will illustrate the different types of the same 



197 

cast. We first start with trie organ of Hope, 
which in order to make the Hope cast mnst 
be the leading of the three organs from 
which the casts derive their names. 

Now let ns ascertain which of the other 
organs work well with that of Hope or are 
of the same general character. 

The function of Hope is, waiting for 
that we see not. It is therefore spiritual in 
its nature and is adapted to the unseen ; also 
to adversity, to emergencies, to times of trial ; 
securing coolness and self-possession to the 
character. 

We may also look for the other spirit- 
ual organs that are in harmony with this. 
Reason is the preeminent spiritual organ, so 
we next determine upon it, if large, well and 
good. The other organs to make up this 
cast are Beneficence, merciful action ; Be- 
nevolence, sympathy ; and Veneration, love 
of worship. Now add to these Watchfulness, 
Combativeness and Wonder, the domestic 
organs, Firmness, the memory and percep- 
tives, and we have what is called the Hope 
and Reason Head, which is a spiritual head 
of the highest type. For Hope Head of 
this cast see Plates XVI., XX., XXIL, 
and XXIV 



198 

But let us change the developments and 
make the head Hope and Understanding, 
in place of Hope and Reason, the other 
large organs being the same, and we have 
now changed the character from a deductive 
to an inductive observer and reasoner. No- 
tice what a change has taken place in the 
reflection, and through and by it, the 
memory. 

Now make another change: in place of 
Beneficence, have Acquisitiveness, and notice 
how the character changes from one of char- 
ity and philanthropy, to that of selfishness 
and worldliness. Change it still by having 
Destructiveness larger than Combative- 
ness, and observe how the character changes 
from the defensive to the aggressive. 

Make still another change from Watch- 
fulness to Cautiousness and see how the 
life will change from present alertness to 
one of prudence in regard to the future. 
Take away from any or all of these differ- 
ent combinations the large perceptives, and 
notice what a great change has taken place : 
from being able to quickly perceive facts 
and the truth or falsity of things, the char- 
acter becomes liable to a dreamy condition, 
unfavorable to investigation or progress. 



i 9 9 

This is especially so if the memory be large 
and active inclining persons to live in the 
contemplation of past conditions. If the im- 
agination be large and active, with Con- 
structiveness, there will be a building of 
imaginary castles to live in, and instead of 
availing themselves of present opportunities, 
are in constant expectation of future good 
fortune. 

Change a large organ of Firmness to 
one that is deficient and see how vacillating 
the character becomes. If there be with this 
combination some Conventionality, as we 
often find, the character will be somewhat 
mixed, because Hope and Conventionality are 
in direct antagonism to each other. Appro- 
bativeness will affect the character to make 
it pleasant and agreeable as well as super- 
ficial. 

Now let any of these combinations in ad- 
dition have large, active, growing propensities 
and the character will be one of great worldly 
power for successful business, often gaining 
wealth and fame. The propensities indicat- 
ing power to use unseen principles for world- 
ly advancement. In all these changes the 
character has still retained the peculiarities 
of the Hope Head. 



CHAPTER XV. 



THE 

CONVENTIONAL 
HEAD. 



20I 



PLATE XVII. 




HON. O. W. POWERS. 



204 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XVII. 

THE CONVENTIONAL HEAD. 

Observe the large, full development in the region of 
the Moral organs. (Chapter VII.) This is a logical 
rather than analogical reasoner. (Chapter IV.) Earge 
Perceptives, (Chapter II.) This is a business head. 
(Chapter XVII.) 

Hon. Orlando W. Powers is an Associate Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Utah. He is well known as an organ- 
izer and debater in the political arena. He has published 
"Power's Michigan Chancery Practice;" and "Power's 
Supreme Court Practice." "Judge Powers is social, 
genial and popular. ' ' 



205 



2o6 



THE CONVENTIONAL HEAD. 



We will now examine a head with the 
organ of Conventionality leading. This of it- 
self will indicate great activity of character, 
especially in practicability. 

Now nnite with this Cautiousness, pru- 
dence in plans for the future, making careful ; 
also Understanding, worldly wisdom and 
conclusions in regard to seen material things, 
reasoning from cause to effect ; add to these 
a good degree of Acquisitiveness, a saving, 
economical disposition; include with these 
the will, perseverance and determination ; the 
heart qualities, thought in accord with the 
leading organs ; with large perceptives, inves- 
tigating and gathering facts in relation to 
seen material things ; a memory enriched by 
thoughts of the whole combined, and we have 
a character that is very active, practical, 
showy, cautious and careful. A person thus 
endowed is a gatherer of facts ; with great' 
determination and ability. Add to such an 



207 

organization the domestic group large, and 
you have a practical, determined worldly wise 
character of great executive skill. For illus- 
tration of this type of head see Plates XVII. , 
V., XXX. and XXXIV. 

Now if you will, please add some of the 
spiritual faculties. The lower part of Reason 
for instance, and the result will be .great 
theorising and speculation, and with Benefi- 
cence large, in place of Acquisitiveness, the 
actions will be modified into deeds of sympa- 
thy and good will. 

Change the organ of Destructiveness to 
Combativeness, and the nature will change 
from aggressiveness to defensiveness. Let 
there be a development of the organ of Imi- 
tation and there will be a desire to imitate 
or copy. If Constructiveness be large there 
will be a desire to build. Let there be a 
good degree of Alimentiveness and it will in- 
dicate good nutrition as well as a desire 
to eat. 

If the propensities be large as a group, 
the character will partake of the animal na- 
ture. Let love for the opposite sex and Phil- 
oprogentiveness be large, and it will be an 
element to be considered in the makeup of 



208 

the character in relation to the home life of 
the individual. 

Take away the great firmness, and ob- 
serve what a change will come over the 
character : instead of the strong, determined 
nature, will be a disposition weak and easily 
influenced. Or again, let the organ of Un- 
derstanding be deficient and how marked the 
change : in place of reflection and conclusion, 
giving decision, there will be indecision in 
opinion. Again let the Perceptives be small 
and a great change takes place : no longer 
able so well to investigate and gather facts 
about which to conclude, the person must 
follow the rnenioty or be led by the imagina- 
tion. 

Now let practical Reason be added to 
this head, and there will at once be a conflict 
because Conventionality is an element that 
deals entirely with the seen, and Reason with 
the unseen. 

And thus we might go on describing dif- 
ferent organs that alter the combination, but 
Conventionality remaining the same, that 
cast of head will indicate great activity and 
practical ability in the whole character. 



CHAPTER XVI. 



THE 



APPRO BATI VE 
HEAD. 



(14) 



209 



PLATE XVIII. 




MRS. MARY MC KEE. 



212 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XVIII. 

APPROBATIVE HEAD. 

Notice in the illustration the rounded out appearance 
of the Coronal region. (Chapter VII.) The Domestic 
group. large. (Chapter IX.) Perceptives good. (Chap- 
ter II.) This Temperament is Sanguine Bilious with 
some indications of the Encephalic. (Chapter XXI.) 
The whole organization indicates a refined nature. 

The social and intellectual abilities of Mrs. Mc Kee 
adapt her for a very useful position in society. ' ' She 
is very determined, progressive and attractive in way and 
manner, and enjoys the respect and admiration of her 
friends and associates. ' ' 



213 



214 



THE APPROBATIVE HEAD. 



We will now consider a head with large 
Approbativeness, giving agreeableness of 
manner, a desire to please, to flatter and be 
flattered, vain, and indicating a disposition in 
the person to turn suddenly against those 
whom he professes to love. Put along with 
this, worldly wisdom or Understanding, and 
we have a character that is very winning and 
plausible in dealing with its associates, often 
gaining the good favor of those with whom it 
comes in contact. For illustration see Plate 
XVIII. 

Now add a large development of the 
heart quality, Fancy rather than Ideality, 
and the memory is full of images, of all kinds 
which are not apt to be pure and elevating 
as they would be if Ideality were the largest 
of the heart qualities. 

Let there be a good development of Cau- 
tiousness and mark the change, or Secretive- 
ness and see how the character will become 



215 

sly and cunning, and with the other develop- 
ments mentioned, liable to be deceptive. 

Let there be a good degree of Destruc- 
tiveness and the person becomes aggressive 
and ofttimes impulsive, and does not care 
and will dash away into every thing and 
anywhere where there is pleasure or excite- 
ment. 

Let Acquisitiveness be a leading facul- 
ty and there will be a desire to acquire and 
save. Now if there be a good development 
of the domestic faculties there will be a great 
liking for home and its connections ; but if 
very small, little thought will be exercised 
in regard to the home, and the person will 
often become a wanderer. If the will be 
large, how determined the character, how 
persevering, but if small, the contrary will 
be the case. 

Now consider the Perceptives: if large, 
the person will be apt to investigate and 
gather facts and be governed somewhat by 
them, but if memory be larger than the 
Perceptives, the person will be following the 
recollection of past events instead of being 
governed by present facts. Eventuality and 
Number large, will indicate calculation and 
that the person is a calculator. 



2l6 

Or again, if the imagination be the 
largest there will be a desire to follow it, 
and chase the images and phantoms therein 
seen. 

Now if there be in the person a devel- 
opment of some spiritual organs as well, then 
there will be a marked change in the char- 
acter toward the Heavenly nature. 

Sympathy or benevolence is often large 
in Approbative Heads. Also Veneration, 
giving a sympathizing turn to the life, and 
a desire to worship whatever seems the most 
worthy. A person with this kind of head 
often takes delight in following after the 
vanity or emptiness of worldly show or 
delights. This is sometimes called "the 
don't hate me character," because of its de- 
sire to be well thought of, and often desires 
praise whether deserving of it or not. 

Let it all the time be borne in mind 
that Approbativeness is leading and is the 
controlling organ in the whole combination, 
it being of the moral group. This type of 
head sometimes through learning and in- 
fluence of wealth or fame, enables the person 
to get high and responsible places, exercis- 
ing great power in the way of understanding. 



217 

It is not the head to teach or lead in the way 
of wisdom. 

Each person must work out for himself 
his own character and qualifications. A 
thorough knowledge of all the organs, their 
location and primary functions, taken with 
the general principles of the whole, will 
enable thoughtful students to acquire such 
knowledge of Human Nature as will enable 
them to distinguish between "a good tree and 
an evil one" and to give advice — the right 
word in the right place. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



BUSINESS 

AND 

PROFESSIO N 



219 



PLATE XIX. 




From Harper's WeeUy. 



Copyright, 1889, by Harper & Brother* 



WM. ROCKEFELLER. 



222 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XIX. 

BUSINESS HEAD. 

Notice in this illustration the large Understanding, 
Conventionality, Perceptives, Acquisitiveness and Cau- 
tiousness, they being the leading organs for business 
purposes. The memory group is large in this head. 
(Chapter III.) It is a good specimen of a finel3 T or- 
ganized Sanguine Bilious Temperament. (Chapter XX.) 
The Cerebellum and physical structures are too well 
developed to be in the non-vital class although there 
is evidently some of the Encephalic present. 

William Rockefeller was the head of the firm of Wm. 
Rockefeller & Co. which was merged into the Stan- 
dard Oil' Co. The enormous growth and prosperity of 
the Company is ample evidence of his business ability. 
He is Vice President of the Standard Oil Trust and 
Director in several banks and railroads. He has been 
for many years member of a Baptist Church. Is do- 
mestic in his tastes and devotedly attached to his 
family. "Has great discrimination, clear and correct 
judgment : is noted for knowledge of and careful atten- 
tion to the details of his business." 



223 



224 



BUSINESS AND PROFESSION. 



By business capacity we mean an ample 
development of tliose faculties which have 
to do with seen, natural things. By pro- 
fessional capacity we mean a full development 
of those faculties which have to do with 
unseen principles. 

These questions often arise in the life of 
the thoughtful young man or woman : 
"What had I better do to make myself useful 
and earn an honest living? What shall I 
undertake that I will like, and that I will 
succeed in, and bring to me peaceful prosper- 
ity and secure me happiness and competency 
in my old age ? If I live shall I be useful 
and enjoy the pleasure thereof without being 
tortured with the thought how to make my 
expenses keep within my income? 

It is well for young people to ask them- 
selves such questions as these, and to 
thoughtfully reflect upon them, for the end 



225 

will be according to the work done or seed 
sown in early life. 

In order to start well it is best to have 
a correct understanding of how to proceed, 
whereby such seed may be sown as will bring 
forth a good character, not only to its pos- 
sessor, but to those persons who may be under 
his influence. 

It is the duty, privilege and pleasure of 
every thoughtful man and woman, starting 
in life's struggles, to know themselves, to 
have a consciousness of their own- individual- 
ity, responsibility and capability. 

First of all, they should know of their 
inherited characteristics, received from 
their parents or remote ancestors. 

The principle of heredity, is one that is 
not to be lightly looked upon, but to be 
seriously considered, for the very life-blood 
of the parents is transmitted to the child and 
with it the blended characteristics of both 
father and mother. (See chapter XXII. on 
the subject of Heredity.) 

A person should determine from which 
parent the most of his characteristics have 
been received, and what they are : whether 
those of virtue or of vice, and thus be enabled 

(15) 



226 

to see how much they bend the early charac- 
ter. It may be necessary to trim out some 
of the original principles that are beginning 
to bear the wrong fruit, and engraft into the 
character other living, germ principles, so 
that the life may be right, or lead in the 
right way and toward the true object. 

Self-examination is very important at 
this point, to know what the development of 
the brain is, and what part of the brain and 
which faculties are leading. A reliable tea- 
cher or professor of human nature had better 
be consulted, and his advice received. 

In the choice of business or profession 
there are so many, and such a variety of 
combinations to be considered, that it is im- 
possible in this work to give a detailed 
account or description of them. We shall 
mention only the great principles to be kept 
in view, and leave the minor details to be 
worked out by the student, upon each partic- 
ular head and character. 

The first principle to be observed for 
either profession or business, and perhaps 
one of the most important, is the determina- 
tion to overcome the difficulties that are sure 
to be met. Trials and disappointments must 



PLATE XX. 




J. WEIR MITCHELL. 



228 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XX. 



PROFESSIONAL HEAD. 

In this head we notice the large development of 
Reason, and the spiritual groups, large Perceptives and 
Watchfulness which are the leading organs for a pro- 
fessional head. The organs of the Moral faculties 
are small. (Chapter VII.) Domestic organs not large 
but fairly developed. (Chapter IX.) Sanguine Bilious 
Encephalic Temperament. (Chapter XXI.) Hope Head. 
(Chapter XIV.) 

J. Weir Mitchell, M. D. is a well known Physician 
and writer of Philadelphia, Pa. His original ideas in 
regard to Rest Cure for the treatment of nervous dis- 
eases has caused a revolution in medical circles. Dr. 
Mitchell himself regularly takes a four months vaca- 
tion yearly. He has written extensively upon various 
subjects both in prose and poetry. His main works 
being of a scientific nature. Dr. Mitchell is a mem- 
ber of various scientific associations. 



229 



230 

be encountered and victories must be won or 
achievements obtained. Let the mark be 
high, and be determined to reach it. 

Large Firmness with all its allied vir- 
tues are indispensable. A heart and mind 
to work are to be considered. The heart 
evolves the thoughts for the work. The 
mind fixes the thoughts upon it. 

The perceptives are powerful factors in 
any business and profession because they en- 
able their possessor to investigate and gather 
facts which are very necessary for a right 
perception of the business or profession 
undertaken, upon which conclusions must 
be reached through the reflectives. 

When we consider the reflectives we be- 
gin to make a distinction between profession 
and business : viz., that one of them, Under- 
standing is an inductive, and the other, Rea- 
son, is a deductive organ. Let us now see if 
we can decide which belong to a business and 
which to a profession. 

Both Reason and Understanding lead to 
conclusions ; but the faculty of Understand- 
ing is exercised logically i. e., from cause to 
effect, arriving at a conclusion after the evi- 
dence is obtained ; the faculty of Reason is 



231 

exercised analogically i. e., from unseen to 
seen, arriving at conclusion before the evi- 
dence is reached. 

We will now look for the qualifications 
for the business head. Begin with Under- 
standing ; next is Conventionality, indicating 
activity, practicability, and working by rule. 
A good development of Acquisitiveness, a 
desire to accumulate earthly or seen treas- 
ures. Large Cautiousness, prudence and 
carefulness, with some Watchfulness produc- 
ing alertness ; a moderate development of 
Secretiveness, enabling the person to keep 
his own counsel when necessary. Not much 
Destructiveness, else there will be too much 
push, especially if the organ of mercy be 
small. For illustration of Business heads see 
Plates XIX., VIII., XVII. and XXX. Now 
if there be some of the spiritual faculties de- 
veloped they will modify the character some- 
what, leading it in the way of truth and 
righteousness. This kind of head is adapted 
to all kinds of mercantile business, mechan- 
ics, trades, occupations etc., these pursuits 
depending upon the intellectuality and devel- 
opment of other organs, Constructiveness 
especially being necessary for all kinds of 
mechanics. Idealty, indicating originality, 



232 

being useful to inventors, artists, writers etc. 
The organ of tune largely developed, with 
this kind of head would indicate adaptibility 
to performance of musical instruments. 
Small propensities indicating less, and large, 
more desire for the gratification of the animal 
nature. 

We have seen that Reason is the faculty 
that deals with the unseen, therefore adapts 
its possessor to a professional life. For pro- 
fessions as a general rule deal with the prin- 
ciples or philosophies of material and imma- 
terial things, not with the things themselves. 
This is our starting point. We may now 
look for other organs to help in this direc- 
tion. Hope will intensify and help the 
unseen principle, for Hope is a waiting for 
that we see not. A principle cannot be seen. 
Hope therefore adapts to a professional life. 

Other organs that will help are Watch- 
fulness and Cautiousness, present alertness 
and prudence. A large development of the 
spiritual organs will greatly help and tend to 
keep the character in the way of mercy and 
truth. For illustration of Professional heads 
see Plates XX., III., XL and XVI. 

Add to these a fair development of De- 
structiveness and Combativeness and the 



PLATE XXI. 




ALICE B. STOCKHAM, M. D. 



234 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXL 

COMBINATION OF BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL 

FACULTIES. 

Observe first trie Perceptives. (Chapter II.) Next 
the Reflectives all being developed, but the upper part of 
Understanding the largest. (Chapter IV.) The Spiritual 
organs are large. (Chapter V.) The ^Esthetic organs also 
large. (Chapter VI.) This person belongs to the vi- 
tal class of temperaments. There is considerable of 
the Encephalic but the vitality is so good that it 
properly belongs to the Sanguine-Bilious Tempera- 
ment. (Chapter XX.) This head belongs to the 
Spiritually minded class. (Chapter XII.) The whole 
is a finely organized, original and aggressive character 
with great ability adapted for either business or pro- 
fession. 

Dr. Alice B. Stockham's advantages for early ed- 
ucation were limited, but having an indomitable will 
she secured an education at Olivet College, paying 
her way by manual labor and teaching. Her twen- 
tieth birthday found her in the Eclectic College of 
Cincinnati. For twenty-five years she engaged in an 
extensive practice. She not only won honor as a 
physician but also in works of benevolence. Has been 
for many years an active member of a society for 
rescuing fallen women. 

235 



236 

She is publicly known as an advocate of social 
purity and woman suffrage : has lectured extensively 
upon the need of woman's enlightenment and up- 
on physiological subjects. The great effort of her 
life has been "Tokology" a book for women. Dr. 
Stockham determined to manage the sale of this book 
herself. In doing this she has developed a business 
that is sufficient evidence of her capacity, "Tokology" 
reaching enormous sales not only in this country but 
other countries. She not only handles her own works 
but also many works of a reformatory nature. Only 
ladies are employed in her office. Even the heavy 
boxes are packed and covers nailed on by women. 
These facts in regard to Business and Profession, har- 
monize with the development of the brain faculties. 



237 

whole will indicate an aggressive and defens- 
ive professor in such lines as Preachers, 
Teachers, Physicians, Surgeons, Analytical 
Chemists, Apothecaries etc. 

By adding specific organs adapted to 
each respectively a great variety of profes- 
sions may be added, such as Musician, Lec- 
turer, Writer, Mathematician, Linguist etc., 
together with Philosophers, Philanthropists, 
Scientists, Reformers, Pioneers and Human- 
itarians. This last class of persons, as a rule 
are not successful in business or in financial 
matters, they are too theoretical and specula- 
tive to be practical. Professors of law and 
lawyers generally, may come under this class 
with a development of more Cautiousness and 
Understanding, but the latter more especially 
belong to business rather than profession, be- 
cause law relates largely to business transac- 
tions in seen, natural things. But the 
principle of law itself is the important factor 
to be considered. Therefore a lawyer re- 
quires, in addition to those faculties for 
professions above enumerated, a good devel- 
opment of Understanding, Cautiousness, and 
Eventuality. Without Eventuality a lawyer 
would be apt to be too comprehensive and 
deal so much in the great principles that he 
would overlook little technicalities. 



2 3 8 

It is often found that where the propen- 
sities are very large in the professional head, 
there will be a turn to material uses, and 
such persons often become the most success- 
ful and wealthy. Approbativeness may have 
a place in either the business or professional 
heads, but is more often found in those en- 
gaged in business pursuits such as commer- 
cial travellers, salesmen etc., who are often 
very successful because of their winning, 
pleasant, agreeable manners. Such persons 
get into various positions in life but seldom 
gain great notoriety, except by political or 
pecuniary influence. 

The student must continually bear in 
mind, that the whole head, not a part of it, 
is to be taken into consideration, and a har- 
monious development is to be desired. 
Keeping the body in subjection to, and 
corresponding with the brain. For illustra- 
tion of good professional and business heads 
combined, see Plates XXI., VII., XXVI. 
and XXXIII. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



GENERAL REMARKS 

ON 

TEMPERAMENTS. 



239 



241 



GENERAL REMARKS ON TEMPERAMENTS. 



D. H. Jacques, M. D., in his work "The 
Temperaments," in treating of the cause of 
Temperamental conditions says : "the brain 
takes its form and quality from the intelli- 
gence which creates and makes use of it, and 
the body is moulded after the pattern set by 
the brain so that temperament is primarily a 
result, not a cause of character. The bodily 
habit is the outgrowth of a spiritual condi- 
tion." 

By temperaments we understand the 
combination of the brain and its faculties 
with the bodily organization, the combination 
of the brain organs being of first importance. 

Knowing the temperament of any person 
will enable the student to tell the character, 
and this knowledge is acquired by observing 
the general conformation of the head and 
body. If therefore, in addition to this a 
thorough knowledge of the organs and their 
(16) 



242 

functions is acquired, the careful student will 
be able to tell the character in its leading 
traits, and obtain great accuracy in delinea- 
tion. 

The brain first, because it is the seat 
and organ of life, sending out its agents, the 
nerves, into every minute and remote part 
of the structure, so that what affects one 
part affects another and the whole. These 
agents are known by a great variety of names, 
their functions being to minister to the brain 
and supply its demands in obedience to its 
dictates. Also to notify the brain of any 
irregularity in the system, thus keeping a 
continual communication between the brain 
and subordinate parts of the body. Other 
portions of the structure of man can be dis- 
pensed with, as an arm, leg or a portion of 
the bone in almost any part of the body, even 
a portion of the skull may be taken out, but 
when the brain itself is taken away the whole 
structure becomes useless. But there are 
cases where some portion of the brain has 
become diseased by tumors or abscesses, and 
been removed. 

Prof. Wm. Keen, M. D. has recently 
performed several operations upon the brain 
for the treatment of disease, removing por- 



243 

tions of the brain and tissue without destroy- 
ing life. The science of surgery Has 
developed, (within the last few years,) the fact 
that it is possible to treat successfully certain 
cases of epilepsy and paralysis by operations 
upon the brain. 

The system of Temperaments that we 
advocate is that promulgated by Wm. Byrd 
Powell of Covington, Ky. 

Upon the proper blending of the temper- 
aments, in the union of the sexes, depends 
the right growth and development of the 
great human family. Many unholy, un- 
happy, unfruitful, incompatable, consanguine 
marriages result in a large percentage of 
children born into the world, with their germ 
principle of character tainted with sin and 
unholiness. Because of evil before, in, and 
after marriage, parents often transmit to their 
children, bodies corrupted by disease, especial- 
ly scrofula, with soul and vitality dwarfed, 
sickened and estranged from Godlikeness 
and purity. To incompatable marriages and 
transmission to the offspring are due, in a 
great measure, the crime, degradation and 
misery that exist in fallen humanity. And 
our prisons, jails, almshouses, and places of 
refuge and correction, and asylums for insane 



244 

and feeble minded characters are overflowing. 

When the supreme creature man, shall 
attain unto that thought and care in the 
right development of his own offspring that 
he gives to those of the lower orders of ani- 
mals, then will begin a better race of human 
bekigs, more in conformity to the Divine. 
And as more thought and care is given to 
this subject of temperamental marriage the 
millennium will begin to dawn and event- 
ually the necessity for prisons, jails and asy- 
lums will cease. 

For particulars upon this subject, see 
Chapter XXII. upon Heredity. Enough has 
been said to convince the thoughtful person 
of the importance and necessity of more 
thought, in regard to temperaments and their 
proper relations to, and union in the sexes, 
that succeeding generations may rise to a 
higher plane of civilization than the present. 



CHAPTER XIX. 



TEMPERAMENTS, 

NAMES 

AND 

CLASSES. 



245 



PLATE XXII. 




FRANCES K. WII.URD. 



248 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXII. 

SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT. 

It is seldom that Temperaments are seen in their 
purity. In this illustration the Sanguine is apparent- 
ly leading. Miss Willard has some of the Bilious 
and Encephalic Temperaments with the Sanguine. The 
indices to be observed in relation to the Sanguine 
Temperament are the parellel head from front to 
back, receding forehead, narrow through the head 
above the temples ; light fine hair, acquiline nose, 
prominent lips and sloping shoulders. The whole 
head and face presenting a uniform appearance. The 
organs of the Spiritual group are large. (Chapter V.) 
The Perceptives are good. (Chapter II.) This head 
belongs to the Hope head class. (Chapter XIV.) 

Miss Frances E. Willard is the acknowledged leader 
in the reform work of the Women's Christian Tem- 
perance Union. She is too well known to render 
remarks here necessary. 



249 



25° 



TEMPERAMENTS, NAMES AND CLASSES. 



SANGUINE AND BILIOUS TEMPERAMENTS. 

The Temperaments are named and clas- 
sified as follows : 



Sangnine 
Bilions 
Encephalic 
Lymphatic 



Vital 



Primary 



Non-Vital 



Sangnine Bilious Vital. 

" Encephalic Non- Vital. 

" Lymphatic " 

Bilious Encephalic 

" Lymphatic " 

Sanguine Bilious Encephalic " 

Lymphatic " 

" Encephalic Lymphatic " 
Bilious 

Sanguine Bilious Encephalic 
Lymphatic " 



25i 

Fourteen in all : four primaries, five 
binaries, four trinaries, one quadruple. 
SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT. 

This is one of the primitive or original 
temperaments of mankind. It belongs to the 
positive or vital class. This is known by 
full, high, gradually receding forehead, nar- 
row above the temples, parallel or narrow 
from the front toward the back, perpendicular 
at back of head. Wide through from ear to 
ear, not long from front to back, large Cere- 
bellum. 

Secondary as helps, notice the hair 
which is usually light, and fine, sometimes 
light brown ; blue eyes ; fair skin, which tans 
easily ; large nose, in the male of the Roman, 
and in the female of the Grecian type. Lips 
well defined, the upper one being prominent. 
The whole face and head presenting a beau- 
tiful, symmetrical, evenly curved form. The 
arms and limbs long ; short body ; sloping 
shoulders : the whole adapted to dignified 
and graceful movements, rather than activity 
and suppleness. For Sanguine Tempera- 
ment see Plates XXII. and X. 

Red or arterial blood predominating, 
persons of this temperament are liable to 
diseases of an inflammatory nature, which 



252 

is aggravated by the use of salt. A fact for 
physicians to observe is this : do not give 
mercury in any form to persons of the San- 
guine Temperament, as acids predominate 
and mercury is not compatible with them, 
but will salivate the person, without produc- 
ing the desired result. 

Persons of this temperament are adapted 
to outdoor life ; enj oy athletic sports ; are 
elastic ; bound and rebound ; tire easily ; rest 
easily; get soon sick but soon recover by 
rest ; habits easily broken. Not only elastic 
in physical, but also in mental capacity, 
therefore they easily adapt themselves to 
conditions and circumstances. 

Powell says: "Persons of this tempera- 
ment easily change or acquire other tem- 
peraments in conjunction with the original. " 

Persons of Sanguine Temperament are 
often unlucky and unsuccessful in business ; 
they are not generally practical but theoreti- 
cal. Are often orators, scientists, philoso- 
phers, leaders, but do not push themselves 
forward ; others may do it. The purely 
Sanguine, feminine character is considered 
the most perfect type of humanity. 

The bilious is also one of the primitive, 
original temperaments of mankind. It be- 



PLATE XXIII. 




JOHN J. INGALLS. 



254 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXIII. 



BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT. 



The indices of this temperament seen here are in the 
forehead. Head widening from the front toward the 
back. Wide through the head above the temples. 
Great angularity of the whole head and face. Hair 
coarse and dark, square shoulders. There are some 
indications in this illustration of the Encephalic 
Temperament. (Chapter XX.) The Perceptives are 
large. (Chapter II.) The organ of Firmness is very 
large. (Chapter VII.) This belongs to the Hope Head 
class. (Chapter XIV.) Persons of this make up and 
temperament do not often get into politics. 

John J. Ingalls is a lawyer by profession. He has 
always taken an active part in politics and has 
served three terms in U. S. Senate. Mr. Ingalls at- 
tends strictly to his political duties ; is a close student 
of men ; a noted, oratorical, political speaker, and 
an able and animated debater. 



255 



256 

longs to the vital or positive class. It is 
known b}^ forehead receding, not so full, high 
or regular as in the Sanguine but more An- 
gularity ; narrow above the temples ; broad- 
ening back from front ; also long from front 
to back ; narrow through from ear to ear. 
but wide above. Not perpendicular at back 
of the head, and large Cerebellum. 

Persons of Bilious Temperament have 
dark, coarse hair ; eyes and skin also dark. 
Features very angular ; not large nose or 
prominent lips, as in the Sanguine, but firm- 
ly set. The whole face and head present 
great angularity, not uniformity like in the 
Sanguine. The shoulders square ; the arms 
and limbs short ; the body is long. The 
whole dense, and firmly set ; compact, very 
active and of great endurance. For illustra- 
tion of Bilious Temperament see Plate XXIII. 

Blue or venous blood predominating, 
persons of this temperament are liable to 
biliousness of all kinds, diseases of stomach 
and bowels. 

Physicians can give this temperament 
mercury in all forms with good results, 
because alkalies predominate and are com- 
patible with it. 



257 

When this temperament predominates, 
the person is tough and unbending, not 
elastic as in the Sanguine. He can endure 
more strain, mental or physical, without tir- 
ing. Habits strong, not easily broken. 
Does not readily get sick, but when sick does 
not soon recover. He is practical, hangs on to 
things with a firm grip ; and is usually suc- 
cessful. 

The Xanthous or Red Hair variety of 
the Bilious, has all the cranial develop- 
ments, and marked angular features, and 
the same indices of body and characteris- 
tics ; same rules apply as in the dark 
haired Bilious. 

Powell claims that the red hair is 
sometimes caused by a removal of the 
parents from a cold to a warm climate ; 
children born subsequent to removal are 
liable to have red hair owing to the 
climate producing changes in the tempera- 
ment of the parents. 

Our own observations have not proved 
or disproved this point, but we are inclined 
to think there are other causes that pro- 
duce Xanthous varieties of Bilious Tem- 
perament, such as hereditary and pre-natal 
conditions. 

(17) 



CHAPTER XX. 



CONSIDERATION 



OF 



TEMPERAMENTS 
CONTINUED. 



259 



PLATE XXIV. 




ADMIRAL JOHN L. WORDEN. 



262 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXIV. 



SANGUINE, BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT. 



John L. Worden is a fine illustration of this type 
of head. In this case we have a side view. The long 
head from front to back and the forehead are indices 
of the Bilious. The uniformity of the whole head and 
face and sloping shoulders indicate the Sanguine. A 
front view would show the head widening back from 
the front but with Sanguine indications in the fore- 
head. The large Cerebellum is an indication of both 
Sanguine and Bilious. The Perceptives are very large 
and active. (Chapter II.) 

Admiral John I,. Worden won world wide fame as 
Commander of *'The Monitor" in her famous battle 
with the Merrimac, March 9, 1862. He was also Com- 
mander of the Mowhawk in the attack on Fort Mc Allister 
of January 21, and Feb. 1, 1863. During the engage- 
ment of the Monitor with the Merrimac by an 
explosion, Admiral Worden 's eyes were filled with 
powder causing blindness for some time. While lying 
in this condition with his eyes closely bandaged he 
was visited by an intimate friend who said to him 
"Worden you have whipped the Merrimac. ' ' "Then," 
said Worden. *'I am content." 



263 



264 



SANGUINE-BILIOUS, LYMPHATIC, ENCEPHALIC. 



SANGUINE-BILIOUS. 

This is a compound of the two pri- 
maries of the vital class of temperaments 
and consequently the compound is also 
vital. This and the two primaries of which 
they are compounded are the three making 
up the vital class. All others being non- 
vital. 

The Sanguine-Bilious Temperament 
represents the highest type of elasticity 
combined with endurance, where the two 
are equally balanced, indicating great pow- 
er in whatever is undertaken. For illustra- 
tion of this temperament see Plates XXIV., 
VIL, XIX. and XXI. 

The leading characteristic of this com- 
pound, will be those of the preponderating 
temperament. In some the temperaments 
are evenly blended, but in others only a 
slight indication of one or the other. 



265 

Powell says that "as the Sanguine and 
Bilious Temperaments constitute a sine qua 
non to the perpetuity of our race, and as 
I have found no secondary causes for their 
existence, so I infer them to be originally 
a primitive condition of humanity." {Laws 
of Life 1864, Page 189, also his work on 
Human Temperaments, second edition, 1869, 
Page 167. Same principle but not same 
words.) He also says : "the non-vital tem- 
peraments, (the Lymphatic and Encephalic) 
I regard as being secondary: that is to 
have resulted from influences which are 
exclusively incidental to civilization." 

The non-vital temperaments then, are 
those conditions of the system produced by 
some form of civilization, upon one or the 
other of the vital class. 

Let us consider the Lymphatic. First 
what is meant by Lymph? Lymph is a 
watery fluid with little blood corpuscles, it 
is a secretion of a system of vessels and 
glands, which take up from the worn-out 
tissue that which is still available for pur- 
poses of nutrition, and returns it to the veins 
near the heart to be again mixed with the 
blood. Lymph vessels are in all parts of 



266 

body but especially in the upper part, fre- 
quently largest in the neck and face. 

Lymphatic vessels and glands are a 
part of the Lymph system, containing and 
conducting the Lymph. The whole of the 
Lymphatics seem to constitute a system do- 
ing its own work by the friction of one 
corpuscle against another, opening valves 
and transferring the Lymph to each other 
in its continuation through the entire struct- 
ure of the body. No nerves have been 
traced into the Lymph vessels. 

"There is no satisfactory evidence to 
prove that any natural communication exists 
between the Lymphatics of the Glandular 
organs and their ducts, or between the 
Lymphatics and the Capillary vessels." 
(Gray's Anatomy.) 

Now if the Lymphatic Temperament be 
produced by civilization, some part of the 
effect of civilization must be recognized 
as the factor to produce it. Wealth is one 
of the effects of civilization ; wealth produces 
luxury and ease which tend to an abnor- 
mal appetite and furnishes more nutrition 
to the system than it can readily absorb. 
As we have found the Lymph to be the 



PLATE XXV. 




FRANCIS VINCENT. 



268 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXV. 



LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 



This is as good a representation of the Lymphatic 
Temperament as is often seen. The vital foundation in 
this case is Sanguine, with a little Bilious. The indices 
of the Lymphatic are the smallness of the head at the 
top and widening toward neck, large cheek, the face and 
head presenting a full, round appearance. The head is 
thick through at the region of the iBsthetic organs. 
(Chapter VI.) The organs of the Animal Nature are 
also large. (Chapter VIII.) The large body is also an 
indication of the Lymphatic Temperament. The Per- 
ceptive organs are very active. (Chapter II.) This is a 
good specimen of a finely organized Lymphatic upon 
a Sanguine foundation. Only a few facts are here given 
in relation to the life of Francis Vincent. He is the His- 
torian of Delaware. He was "ahead of the times" in 
original ideas. Many years ago he agitated the subject 
of a railroad from New York via Behrings Straits to St. 
Petersburg, Pekin, and London. When the rebellion 
broke out he replied in answer to a question, as follows : 
'■ 'If there be a battle fought and blood shed we shall go 
on until we shall free the negro ; arm him ; give him the 
right of suffrage and seat him in Congress." His life 
seemed to be filled with prophetical ideas. 



269 



270 

secretion of the overplus of nutrition, it 
is evident that when this secretion becomes 
abnormal, it is a diseased condition, and 
the Lymphatic system is no longer able 
to carry out its normal functions, but ne- 
cessitates an enlargement of itself to an 
abnormal condition to meet the over pro- 
duction of nutrition, which is secreted from 
other vessels and tissues. This Lymph in 
such cases increases the size and weight 
of the person, which is accelerated by 
luxurious living in ease. 

Lymph and fat should not be con- 
founded, fat is soft and pulpy. Lymph is 
hard and firm. The Lymphatic Tempera- 
ment may be known by the globular, 
smooth head and face ; large full neck ; 
ponderous cheeks and pug nose, the head 
small at the top and widening downward. 

Hair, skin and eyes may be light or 
dark depending upon which of the vital 
temperaments is the foundation. This can 
be quite easily detected. Persons of this 
temperament will show those traits of char- 
acter in correspondence with the vital 
foundation. They are disposed to take 
things easy. If in business work easy, 
aim to get good pay in easy places, often 



271 

in politics. Thrive best in a damp cli 
mate. 

In order to overcome the tendency to 
a preponderance of Lymph, a person should 
eat, drink and sleep less, perceive, reflect 
and work more. For illustration of this tem- 
perament see Plate XXV. 

The Encephalic Temperament is also 
produced by civilization, and the advancing 
of civilization is promoted by it. Children 
inheriting this temperament are not usu- 
ally healthy, or do not live long, but this 
is likety to be caused by the incompatibil- 
ity of the parents in the marriage relation. 

The Encephalic also has its foundation, 
like the Lymphatic, on the vital tempera- 
ments. It is augmented by great study, 
anxious thought and mental activuy. It is 
known by the preponderance of the whole 
brain and especially of the intellectual fac- 
ulties over the body. 

The head is wide and square at the top, 
tapers toward the base, with small Cerebell- 
um, the top of the forehead often seems to 
project instead of recede. 

Hair, skin, eyes may be either light or 
dark, depending upon the foundation. The 
body is too small and thin for the amount of 



PLATE XXVI. 




JEWETT M. RICHMOND. 



274 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXVI. 



ENCEPHALIC TEMPERAMENT. 

This head very finely illustrates the Encephalic 
Temperament. Probably one-half of the temperament 
is Encephalic upon a Bilious and Sanguine foundation. 
The indices to be observed in relation to the Encephal- 
ic are the width and squareness of the head at the 
top and the narrowing of the head and face toward the 
neck and chin. The sharpness of the organs in the 
frontal part of the head indicates an activity of the 
intellectual faculties. The Perceptives present a very 
sharp, active appearance. (Chapter II.) The organs of 
the Reflectives are large, Understanding being especially 
active. (Chapter IV.) This belongs to the Hope Head 
class. (Chapter XIV.) The whole is a finely organized, 
sensitive and conscientious nature adapted to business 
pursuits with philosophic and philanthropic motives, 
tending to elevate the character and induce deeds of 
good-will to man. 

Jewett M. Richmond is truly a self-made man. His 
early education being that afforded by the common 
school. At the age of sixteen he began business as 
a clerk. His success as a business man has been a 
steady advance in various enterprises. Mr. Richmond 
has held very many positions of trust and responsi- 
bility both in business and philanthropic enterprises. 
"A patron of worthy charities, and a willing friend of 
the needy, he has a reputation for true philanthropy. 
A friend of progress, few men have done more to advance 
the interests of Buffalo than is justly credited to Jewett 
M. Richmond." 

175 



2/6 

brain. For illustration of this temperament 
see Plates XXVI. and IV. 

Persons of this temperament are not of- 
ten able to accomplish much, by reason of 
their over balance of brain. Yet this is the 
temperament for intellectuality and mental 
work, most of the great minds in the literary 
world have it to some extent, but it should be 
balanced by other temperaments, and the 
whole in correspondence with the bodily de- 
velopment. 

In children who have largely inherited 
this temperament, it is best to restrain the 
tendency by inducing them to eat, drink, and 
sleep more, and to take more physical exer- 
cise, even to the exclusion for a time, of 
study and other intellectual pursuits. The 
same remarks will apply in the case of adults 
who have an unhealthy preponderance of 
this temperament. 

From the preceding remarks in relation 
to these temperaments it will be seen how 
the Encephalic, and Lymphatic are built up- 
on the vital temperaments. They are called 
the non-vital, because persons with these tem- 
peraments largely predominating are not 
able to reproduce or transmit vitalit}^, and 



277 

should not be united in marriage. It is only 
when the vital and non-vital are harmonious- 
ly united in the union of the sexes, that 
healthy children will be the result. 

The temperamental marriage relation 
will be treated of in another chapter. 



CHAPTER XXI. 



CO NSIDERATION 



OF 



TEMPERAMENTS 
CONTINUED. 



279 



PLATE XXVII. 




BARTLEY CAMPBELL. 



282 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXVII. 

SANGUINE, ENCEPHALIC TEMPERAMENT. 

This is a good illustration of this temperament. 
The signs of Sanguine to be noticed are the retreating 
forehead, full and high ; the uniform curvature of 
head ; acquiline nose and sloping shoulders. The 
signs of the Encephalic are the head wide at the top 
and tapering toward base ; the pointed face and small 
Cerebellum. There may be a slight trace of the Bilious 
Temperament, but not enongh to put it in that class. 
Equally divided between Sanguine and Encephalic. 
Memory large. (Chapter III.) 

Bartley Campbell won fame and wealth as the au- 
thor of dramatic plays : ' 'The Galley Slave, ' ' ' 'White 
Slave," "Exiles of Siberia," etc. He was not adapt- 
ed to prosperit}', misfortune soon overtook him and 
wrecked reason and fortune. 



283 



284 



TEMPERAMENTS, CONTINUED. 



Temperaments are rarely seen in their 
pnrity. In addition to the fonr primaries, 
we have their combinations forming five 
Binaries ; fonr Trinaries and one quadruple. 

One of the combinations has already 
been considered, under the vital class viz., 
Sanguine Bilious. All the rest belong to 
the non-vital class. 

If the signs of the primaries have been 
thoroughly learned, it will not be difficult to 
distinguish and make up the combinations. 
Sometimes, in some instances, there is such a 
close blending that it requires some thought, 
observation and study, to determine which 
of the primaries is leading, and what propor- 
tion of each of the others may be present ; 
but by experience the careful student will 
be able to distinguish with accuracy. 

We will first consider the Sanguine 
Encephalic, for illustration of which see 
Plate XXVII. If there be considerable of 
the Encephalic present, there will be a large 
development of the frontal, intellectual part 



• 28 5 

of the head ; also squareness at the top 
and somewhat tapering down to the base ; 
small Cerebellum ; a spare, lean person with 
a general preponderance of the brain over 
the body. 

Now if the Encephalic be upon the 
Sanguine foundation we shall find a forehead 
receding, head thick through from ear to ear 
and perpendicular at back. Light hair, 
eyes and skin, with uniformity in the face 
and head, and indications in regard to the 
body that belong to the Sanguine. 

The Sanguine Lymphatic may be easily 
detected when there is considerable of the 
Lymph present: enough so as to make 
the head full and large at base, large cheek, 
also pug nose ; sleepy eyes, and if upon the 
Sanguine foundation, receding forehead, 
perpendicularity at back of head ; wide 
through from ear to ear ; light hair, eyes and 
skin, with uniformity in face and head. 
Signs of body to correspond to the Sanguine 
indices. For illustration of the Sanguine 
Lymphatic Temperament see Plate XXVIII 

If the Encephalic be upon the Bilious 
foundation, the forehead will not recede so 
much as in the Sanguine; head narrow 



286 

through from ear to ear, but long from 
front to back. Dark hair, eyes and skin, 
with angular outlines in the face and head, 
and indications of body that belong to the 
Bilious Temperament. For illustration of 
Bilious, Encephalic Temperament see Plates 
XXIX. and V. 

If the Lymph be upon the Bilious foun- 
dation then we shall find the indications 
corresponding: viz. receding forehead, long 
head from front to back ; narrow through 
from ear to ear; dark hair, eyes and skin 
and angularity in outline of face and head. 
Signs of body to correspond to the Bilious 
indices. For illustration of Bilious, Lym- 
phatic see Plate XXX. 

The Encephalic may be upon both the 
Sanguine and Bilious foundations and then 
we shall find indications of both and have 
one of the trinary combinations, Sanguine, 
Bilious, Encephalic. These three evenly 
blended, give a good combination. For 
illustration of this temperament see Plates 
XXXL, XIV., XVI. and XXIII. 

The Lymphatic may be upon both these 
vitals in which case we have another of the 
trinary combinations with characteristics 
of the three, viz. Sanguine, Bilious, Lym- 



PLATE XXVIII. 




GBORGK Q- CANNON. 



288 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXVIII. 



SANGUINE, LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

The signs of the Sanguine to be noticed are the re- 
treating forehead full and high ; perpendicular at the 
back head ; large Cerebellum and sloping shoulders. 
The Lymphatic is shown in the large, round head widen- 
ing from the top downward, and the large, full cheeks. 
The organs of Animal Nature are large. (Chapter VIII.) 
The Perceptives are also large. (Chapter II.) This be- 
longs to the carnally minded class. (Chapter XIII.) 

Hon. George Q. Cannon was formally a member of Con- 
gress from Utah. Since the death of Brigham Young he 
has been one of the leading spirits of the Morman 
Church. At different periods of his life he has been 
builder, farmer, gold miner, printer and newspaper 
editor. 



(19) 289 



290 

phatic. For illustration of this tempera- 
ment see Plate XXXII. Other Lymphatics, 
see Plates XXVIIL, XXX., XXXIIL, 
XXXIV. and XXXV. 

We sometimes find the two non-vitals 
blended and built upon one of the vitals, 
producing the Sanguine, Encephalic, Lym- 
phatic or the Bilious, Encephalic, Lymphatic ; 
in this case the temperament is strongly 
non-vital, but we will proceed in the same 
way as with other combinations although 
these are more difficult to determine. 
Whichever of the temperaments preponder- 
ate in these two combinations will be shown 
by the respective indications of each. In 
most cases of these combinations one of the 
vital temperaments is leading. For illus- 
tration of Sanguine, Encephalic, Lymphatic 
Temperament see Plate XXXIIL For 
illustration of Bilious, Encephalic, Lymphatic 
Temperament see Plate XXXIV. 

Having determined the proportion of 
each temperament in combination, we can 
judge of the characteristics of the person ac- 
cordingly. The proportion of each tempera- 
ment in all combinations is the basis for 
judging of the characteristics of the person. 



PLATE XXIX. 




FRANCIS L. PATTON. D. D.. LL. D. 



292 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXIX, 



BILIOUS, ENCEPHALIC TEMPERAMENT. 

This is a good illustration of this temperament the 
Bilious and Encephalic being about equal. The indices 
of the Bilious are in the forehead, widening of the head 
from the front to the back, and angular features. The 
Encephalic is shown by the high head and tapering of 
the head from the top downward. The Spiritual organs 
are large. (Chapter V.) Perceptive organs large. 
(Chapter II.) The organs of memory are also large. 
(Chapter III.) This belongs to the. Hope Head class. 
(Chapter XIV.) The picture does not show as much En- 
cephalic as exists in the person. 

Francis L. Patton D. D., LL. D. is President of 
Princeton College. Dr. Patton has written extensively 
upon theological subjects. He is prominent in the 
Presbyterian Church, taking an active part in the great 
revision discussion. 



293 



294 
We find occasionally, the quadruple com- 
bination. It is rather hard to decide upon 
the proportion of each to the other, but if we 
strictly adhere to the indices of the primaries 
they will be sure signs to indicate the char- 
acteristics. For illustration of this tempera- 
ment, Sanguine Bilious, Encephalic Lympha- 
tic see Plate XXXVIII. 

It is claimed by some writers that the 
equal blending of the four primary tempera- 
ments is the best development possible and 
is the highest type of humanity in its har- 
monious entirety. 

We have been asked if there be such 
a temperament as "Encephalic Lymphatic?" 
We reply that we never have seen a temper- 
ament of this description ; and do not see 
how it is possible ; for it would be wholly 
non-vital i. e. without vitality. 

Persons may develop the Encephalic 
and Lymphatic, one or both, upon either or 
both the Sanguine and Bilious foundations, 
so that the whole temperament may be two- 
thirds or more non-vital but still retain 
some of the characteristics of the vital. 



PLATE XXX. 



A. A. Mc. LEOD. 



296 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXX. 

BILIOUS, LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

This is not a good illustration of this temperament. 
The indices in relation to the Bilious are the retreat- 
ing forehead, head widening from front to back ; 
dark hair and square shoulders. The Lymph is shown 
in round full head and face. The squareness in upper 
frontal head is an indication of the Encephalic but 
it is very slight. There may be a trace of the San- 
guine but it is not noticeable in the picture. This is 
a good specimen of the business head. (Chapter XVII.) 
Belongs to conventional class. (Chapter XV.) 

A. A. Mc Leod is President of the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad. "He enjoys the fullest confidence 
of Capitalists. He is a man of determined character, 
progressive, and believes in keeping up with or get- 
ting ahead of the procession." 



297 



PLATE XXXI. 




iiir 




WILLIAM T. SHERMAN. 



300 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXXI. 

SANGUINE, BILIOUS, ENCEPHALIC 
TEMPERAMENT. 

The illustration is good, showing the three temper- 
aments well blended. The Sanguine and Bilious are 
so intermixed that the indices do not show distinctly ; 
notice in the face and head the uniformity of the 
Sanguine ; the widening of the head from front to 
back as indications of the Bilious. The Cerebellum is 
too small for vital temperament, so it is classed with 
non-vital, making the whole the Sanguine, Bilions, 
Encephalic. The Perceptives are large. (Chapter II.) 
Hope Head. (Chapter XIV.) Domestic organs also 
also large. (Chapter IX.) Gen. William T. Sherman 
is too well known to need any remarks here. 



3OI 



PLATE XXXII. 




REV. JESSE H. JONES. 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXXII. 



SANGUINE, BILIOUS, LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

There is not much Lymph shown in the picture. The 
only point in regard to the Lymphatic that is noticeable 
is the roundness of the head. Within the last few years 
this gentleman has developed more of the Lymph. 
This picture is mostly Sanguine Bilious. This plate in- 
dicates large ^Esthetic organs. (Chapter VI.) Large 
Perceptives. (Chapter II.) 

Rev. Jesse H. Jones is very much interested in enter- 
prises for the uplifting and improving the Human Race. 
He is especially interested in Heredity and kindred sub- 
jects, having published a work in reference to Powell's 
system of Human Temperaments. The title of the work 
is "Holy and Scientific Marriage." Among his other 
works we mention "Know the Truth" (Metaphysical,) 
"The Kingdom of Heaven," "The Bible Plan for the 
Abolition of Poverty." Mr. Jones is well known in the 
New England States as a Congregation alist Minister. 



305 



PLATE XXXIII. 







CAPT. JOHN S. WISE. 



308 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXXIII. 



SANGUINE, ENCEPHALIC, LYMPHATIC 
TEMPERAMENT. 

The points of the Sanguine noticeable are the thickness 
through the head from ear to ear, the curving of the 
high, full head and sloping shoulders. We observe 
the Encephalic in the great height from the opening 
of the ear to the top of the head. And the Lymphatic 
in the round full head and thick pug nose. The three 
so well blended that it is quite difficult in a picture to 
distinguish all the points. (Chapter XXI.) The Per- 
ceptives are large. (Chapter II.) The Reflectives are 
large. (Chapter IV.) This belongs to the combination 
for Profession and Business. (Chapter XVII.) 

John S. Wise is a Virginian by birth and is well 
known as a politician. He belongs to that wing of the 
Republican party known as the "Readjusters," and is 
its acknowledged leader. 



309 



PLATE XXXIV. 




HON. SAM'L E. WHEATLEY. 



312 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXXIV. 

BILIOUS, ENCEPHALIC, LYMPHATIC 
TEMPERAMENT. 

We notice the Bilious in the forehead, the Ence- 
phalic in the squareness at the top of head and the 
Lymphatic in the nose and cheeks. The three are 
very well blended. This belongs to the Conventional 
class of heads. (Chapter XV.) Reflectives are large. 
(Chapter IV.) Organs of animal nature large. (Chap, 
ter VIII.) 

Hon. Samuel E. Wheatley is Commissioner of 
District of Columbia, and is regarded as a thorough 
business man. He is a warm advocate of the public 
school system of Washington. Director of the Fireman's 
Insurance Co., and Vestryman of Christ Church, P. E., 
West Washington. 



3*3 



PLATE XXXV. 




BENJ. P. POORB. 



316 



EXPLANATION TO PLATE XXXV. 

SANGUINE, BILIOUS, ENCEPHALIC, LYMPHATIC 
TEMPERAMENT. 

This temperament is rarely seen. In this illustration 
we do not see much of the Encephalic, but we notice 
the Sanguine in the retreating forehead ; the Bilious in 
the back head and the Lymphatic in the whole organiza- 
tion. It is very difficult to show the Encephalic with 
the Lymphatic in combination. Plate XII. shows a 
front view of four temperaments to good advantage. 
The Perceptives in this picture are very large. (Chapter 
II.) 

benjamin P. Poore is one of the best known men of 
the National Capitol. In early life learned the printers' 
trade. He has been for many years correspondent of 
Boston Atlas, Traveller and Herald. He is considered 
a society man and has a genial nature. 



3 1 / 



CHAPTER XXII 



HEREDITY 

AND 

TEMPERAMENTAL MARRIAGE. 



3JQ 



321 



HEREDITY, LIFELINE, VITAL TENACITY, VITAL 
VIGOR AND TEMPERAMENTAL MARRIAGE. 



James C. Jackson, M. D., of Dansville, 
N. Y., writing in relation to marriage and 
heredity in Laws of Life, says : "What is 
needed in order to improve the physical char- 
acteristics of America's children is in the 
first place to find out wherein they deviate 
from the true model ; Hhen set to work influ- 
ences which under the laws of reproduction 
shall directly tend to induce conformity 
thereto instead of deformity. It is just as 
easy to improve the breed of children as it is 
the breeds of domestic animals for the human 
organism is as impressionable in this respect 
as the organism of animals, and I think rath- 
er more so, the susceptibility in this direc- 
tion being in ratio to its rank." 

Dr. Jackson furthermore, after citing il- 
lustrations to prove the foregoing statement 
and showing how the pre-natal character is 
influenced and formed, says ; "That these 

(21) 



322 

principles applied to our people would not 
only reduce their bills of mortality and great- 
ly improve their general health but would 
in a large measure prove morally emcatious, 
making them be in all that pertains to the 
development of their reason, their mental 
sense, and their spiritual intuition, and so, 
of course, in the department of character, 
greatly superior to what they are now." 

The very fact that within the last 
twenty years wonderful improvement has 
been made in the quality and condition of 
domestic animals, should lead the thought- 
ful man and woman to consider how to 
promote the improvement of the physical, 
mental and spiritual condition of that 
grandest of God's creatures, man. 

What care, thought and expense have 
been given to the breeding of domestic 
animals, and with what wonderful results ! 
Horses for speed, draft, durability and 
beauty. Cattle for beef, milk, butter or all 
combined. Sheep for mutton, fine, coarse or 
graded wool. What marvelous changes have 
been wrought in these creatures. Equalty 
as great and marvelous changes may be 
wrought in improving the natural condition 



3^3 

of humanity, if proper thought and care be 
given to the mating of the sexes and action 
taken according to the laws governing the 
reproduction of the race. 

The original natural condition of man- 
kind was not enmity to God, but love and 
fellowship. It is sin inherited and transmitt- 
ed, sin before, in and after marriage that has 
entailed upon mankind all the miseries of 
enmity to God, with its consequent sickness, 
crime, misery, degradation and death. Is 
not practical reform therefore urgently 
needed in regard to Heredity ? 

The well established fact of the trans- 
mission to the child of the characteristics of 
parents and ancestors needs no comment. 
The problem is to remedy and prevent the 
transmission of tendencies to evil and to per- 
petuate the virtuous characteristics of 
humanity, so that man shall be brought out 
of his unnatural condition of evil and enmity 
to God, into his natural condition of love to 
God and fellowship with Him in whose image 
he was first created. 

Where shall the reformation begin if 
not in the proper understanding and compre- 
hension of our own nature and the relation it 
sustains to the source of life? 



324 

It is necessary to go back further in the 
lives of the parents than the time when 
the mother exerts her influence upon the 
child in its pre-natal life. We must go 
back to the time when the parents have not 
entered into marriage, which has for its 
superior object the great responsibility of 
the reproduction of life. 

First of all there must be purity in the 
matter of chastity and continence in both 
man and woman. This is very essential, 
there ought to be purity in heart, mind, spirit 
and body. 

How often instead of this do we find im- 
purity especially in the man. Oh men what 
is right for you to demand- of women in this 
respect is right for them to demand of you. 

How often do we find men and women 
becoming united when their natures are cor- 
rupted by unchastity, incontinence, and evil 
thoughts which develop a spirit of evil. In 
many cases their bodies are tainted with dis- 
ease often due to their own habits, or poison- 
ed by alcohol, tobacco, opium, morphine and 
the like. Their vices and virtues and conse- 
quent characteristics, will be transmitted by 
the operation of the law of inheritance, to the 



325 

new life that is to be bone of their bone, 
flesh of their flesh and blood of their 
blood. 

Therefore it is very essential in the 
first place that there be pnrity in the 
lives of the contracting parties before the 
union and this equally as necessary after 
the conception of the new life. There is 
very strong reason to believe that mankind 
is below the brute in this respect of conti- 
nence when the female has a double 
responsibility ; its own life and of the new 
life in its pre-natal condition. 

This chaste principle of continence 
must be strictly observed that is recorded 
of Joseph the father of Jesus, Matt. I, 25. 

To the mother in the responsibility 
of a pre-natal and natal existence belongs 
the high function of forming the new char- 
acter. 

But the father can and must help by 
giving to the mother rest and freedom from 
care and responsibility. Such freedom as 
shall bring to her peace and tranquility of 
mind, and such nourishment to body, 
mind and spirit as shall impart to her great 
vitality which in turn is to be transmitted 
to the new being. 



326 

The father must bring to the mother 
comfort, hope, cheerfulness and love, and 
together their love must be blended in the 
love of Him who gives the life that is to be, 
so that it shall be one of love, and not of 
enmity to God. 

The mother by thought, manner and 
living can make the new creature essen- 
tially what she will, for the same life flows 
through child as mother. How important 
then during the pre-natal existence of the 
child, that the mother have those circum- 
stances and conditions for her environments 
which shall lift up her thoughts and life in 
joyous contentment. 

If these things be important during the 
pre-natal existence, of equal importance are 
they during the first few years of the child's 
life. During these two periods the seeds or 
germ principles of character are formed. 
They have been transmitted to it from the 
parents and ancestors, and the fruits borne 
in the life will be according to the germ 
principle already inherited, unless other 
principles be engrafted into it by a new 
birth or transformation. 

But our purpose here is accomplished 
by treating of the principles of heredity. 



327 

We will simply mention a few influences 
that conform to or against inherited char- 
acteristics. 

First in the home and its surround- 
ings, the parent's lives, the child's play- 
things, toys, pictures and home surround- 
ings. A little later the child's playmates 
and associates ; the books studied, the 
papers read ; and the things seen, heard 
and handled leave their impress for good 
or evil upon the character and largely 
determine the child's usefulness in after 
life. 

It is evident that the time has come 
when thoughtful men and women must put 
aside the mock modesty which is so prev- 
alent and come to a thorough knowledge of 
the sexes, in purity of thought and heart, 
which is the foundation of a true life and 
growth toward the likeness of Christ. 

We are not writing upon sexual phys- 
iology only as it relates to the brain, and 
brain to character, and character to tem- 
perament, and temperament to heredity, 
and heredity to a new character. In regard 
to these subjects we make examinations 
and give advice in the proper use of 



328 

the faculties of the brain and in the 
blending of the temperaments in such man- 
ner as to produce better offspring. 

We refer the reader to excellent books 
upon the subject of physiology; one for 
girls and women; one for boj^s and men, 
by Mrs. E. R. Shepherd. 

That there is a compatibility in the 
union of the sexes other than by love only, 
is a settled fact. This is shown by the care 
exercised in the breeding of domestic ani- 
mals, and the good results that have blessed 
those who have paid attention to physiolog- 
ical laws in the marriage relation. Notice 
also the evil resulting from consanguine 
marriages in royal families. 

Consanguine or marriages of blood 
relations are strictly forbidden in the Leviti- 
cal law, and violations were severely 
punished. 

The question may be asked what consti- 
tutes consanguine marriage? Does it relate 
simply and only to blood relationship, or are 
there conditions of character and tempera- 
ment which make two parties of different 
families and blood consanguine to each 
other? Con is a prefix denoting union, 



329 

association, running together etc. Sanguine 
derived from sanguis, meaning blood. Con- 
sanguine therefore means a union of blood. 

Now where there is a similarity of phy- 
sical and mental characteristics, denoting 
the same temperament, there must of necessi- 
ty be a similiarity of blood or consanguinity. 
If this be the case consanguine marriage 
may and does occur otherwise than by what 
is usually called blood relation. 

Where the conditions of character are 
such that the temperaments are the same 
or of the same class, we perceive consan- 
guine marriages readily occur and as a result 
unhealthy offspring, while the prospect of 
longevity is about one-half the all wise 
Creator designed. "The years of a man's 
life are three score and ten" are the words 
of Holy Writ, whereas the average is but 
about thirty-five. 

To avoid these consanguine marriages 
the value of the knowledge of temperaments 
is recognized as a principle to lead in the 
reformation of human nature. 

The great under-lying principle in the 
proper union of the sexes, is that in order to 



33° 

avoid the consanguine marriages and secure 
co-operation in the union, it is necessary to 
have the temperaments of the opposite class 
i. e. one vital or positive, one non-vital or 
negative. This principle exists in other 
subjects, as two substances of the same kind, 
quality or power do not attract but rather 
repulse each other. Two positively charged 
magnets will repel, whereas one positive and 
one negative will attract each other. 

So in life, there must be an affinity, or 
one vital positive principle and one non-vital, 
negative principle. In order to secure 
healthy children, the proportion of the non- 
vital in the parents must be. one-third of the 
sums of the vitals. One- party Sanguine 
Bilious Encephalic, one-third of each, equals 
three parts, two parts vital, one part non- 
vital, the other party Sanguine Bilious, all 
vital which added to the three parts of the 
other party is six parts in the two, five vital 
one non-vital. This would not be desirable 
because only one-sixth of the whole would be 
non-vital. Now if the non- vital party be one- 
third vital and two-thirds non-vital, we have 
two-thirds of the whole non-vital which is 
desirable. 



33i 

The great principle to be considered is 
that one of the parties mnst be vital and the 
other non-vital. The greater the physiologi- 
cal difference in this respect, the better the 
effect npon the progeny. It is not to be pre- 
sumed that two shall be totally unlike in 
their mental capacities but rather that the 
leading traits shall be the same or nearly so 
and the difference only to secure affinity or 
compatibility. 

The difference in the two should be 
made up by the compound : that is what one 
lacks in mental vigor and capacity the 
other should possess. We are sure that if 
this principle of temperamental union of the 
sexes were understood and obeyed, consan- 
guinity in marriage and the consequent evil 
effects upon the progeny would be avoided. 

We sometimes find a masculine tempera- 
ment (either vital or non-vital) upon a femi- 
nine foundation, i. e. characteristics inherited 
from mother or father's mother, partaking of 
the feminine rather than the masculine na- 
ture. The reverse of this is true of the fem- 
inine temperament, i, e. characteristics 
inherited from father or mother's father, par- 
taking of the masculine rather than the fem- 
inine nature; thus we have a masculine 



332 
feminine and feminine masculine. They 
belong to either the vital or non-vital class. 
It is quite necessary to understand this prin- 
ciple, in considering the compatibility or 
non-compatibility of the sexes, because it 
would not be advisable to join a masculine- 
feminine with a feminine-masculine for they 
would both be upon a feminine foundation, 
whereas to secure the best results physically 
and psychologically, one should be upon the 
masculine and the other upon the feminine 
foundation, in connection with the rule pre- 
viously observed in regard to the vital and 
non-vital compatibility. 

There are certain signs or indices that 
determine from which ancestor the most of 
the characteristics have been inherited viz. 
thickness through the region of propensities, 
back head largely developed, dark hair and 
angular features ; indicate inheritance from 
the masculine, either from father or grand- 
father. 

Narrow through the region of propensi- 
ties, front of head largely developed, general 
fineness of and light hair and features indi- 
cate inheritance from either mother or grand- 
mother. 



333 

It often occurs that the female inherits 
masculine characteristics from the mother's 
father ; and the masculine, feminine charac- 
teristics from the father's mother. 

The author lately examined a gentle- 
man in regard to his inherited characteristics, 
and found that the character was almost 
entirely like that of his mother's father. 
The gentleman said that he was so much so, 
that he was frequently called "grandfather." 
Another one examined was almost entirely 
like his mother, and still another like his 
father's father. This subject evidently 
requires much thought and study to com- 
prehend. 

It frequently occurs that there will be 
an inheritance from both father and mother 
when the medium between the two foregoing 
rules will be observed. This often occurs 
in the younger children of the family, while 
the older ones have the marked characters 
of either one or the other parent. This is 
owing to the fact that the parents have 
become more alike in their thoughts and 
aims in life so that there is not that contrast 
as formerly and the younger children partake 
of their similarity. 

An important subject to mention in this 
place is that which is called vital tenacity 



334 

as indicated by the life-line. It is a fact with 
which all physicians are familiar, that 
persons often recover after they have been 
given np to die and as often die when re- 
covery was expected, and the only reason 
given is that one possessed a good constitu- 
tion and the other did not. But is this 
always the case? We often see persons of 
a feeble, sickly constitution living years 
after they were expected to die, living on 
and on, to the surprise of friends and phy- 
sicians, and succumbing to the fate of all 
mankind, only when extreme old age brings 
them to the end. 

In the other case we have observed the 
strongest constituted and healthy person 
giving way to the apparently most trivial 
circumstance, when the physician and 
friends looked upon the case as of sure 
recovery. Now in these cases what is the 
difference ? Why should one hold on so long 
and hard and the other let go so quickly 
and easily ? It is this, the one who held on 
has great vital tenacity, not vital vigor or a 
good constitution. The other had small 
vital tenacity, but good vital vigor and 
constitution. 



335 

This vital tenacity can be determined 
b}^ what is called the Life-line. It is this, draw 
a line from the external extremity of the 
eye bone (lateral, inferior angle of the os- 
fon'tis) to the occipital protuberance; the 
distance between this line and the opening 
of the ear (the me'atur auditorum extermus) 
indicates the vital tenacity, or signs of lon- 
gevity. If this distance measure one inch 
the vital tenacity is very good, and the sub- 
ject may expect under ordinary circumstan- 
ces (violence excepted) to live the allotted 
three score and ten or even the four score 
years. If the space fall below one-half inch 
the prospect is for a life of less than fifty 
years. 

Vital vigor is that part of the brain 
which is the motive or cerebellum, some- 
times called vitality, because a good strong, 
well developed cerebellum indicates good vi- 
tality, and strong physical constitution and 
endurance; also motive power. It is consid- 
ered by some to be the organ of vitality 
which is necessary for the reproduction of 
life. Vital tenacity and vital vigor should 
not therefore be confounded. Both are im- 
portant factors in the harmonious structure of 
man; both usually come by and through in- 



336 

heritance. Vital vigor, may however, be 
acquired more readily than vital tenacity. 

In concluding this subject we will quote 
from Powell's work; he says: "Every part of 
the body contributes to extend that force 
which denominates vital vigor. Vital tenac- 
ity or life force, is indicated alone by the 
depth of the brain's base; this may be strong 
and yet the person may be so deficient in 
vigor as to be all the time complaining, and 
thus he may live on for twenty or thirty 
years. Such instances may be frequently 
seen in the highly Encephalic. 

"We are frequently asked, does the depth 
of the brain's base, as per measurement, 
change after maturity? We answer in the 
affirmative. Mental and muscular activity 
promote development up to the meridian of 
life, or even later in many instances, and 
then advancing age reduces it. Idleness 
reduces it, and so does every habit that is 
unfriendly to health. 

"Observation has brought us to the opin- 
ion that physical exercise only sustains and 
develops vital vigor, while mental toil, under 
the action of excitement and a feeling of 
responsibility, develops vital tenacity. 



337 

"Plaster casts taken of the author's [Pow- 
ell's] head, one in 1836 and another 1847, show 
an increase of the Life-force of the fourth of 
an inch. We have witnessed, in young men, 
a considerable increase in a year and a half. 
Those who inherit a capacity for a long life 
may lose it by idleness and improper habits." 



(22) 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



SPIRITUAL TRUTHS 

APPLIED TO THE 

LIVING HEAD. 



339 



34i 



SPIRITUAL TRUTH 



Introductory. 



It is intended simply to state here 
principles that may serve as keys for the 
thoughtful to unlock the glories of the King- 
dom, for when we are able to comprehend 
the principles of brain development, we hold 
the key which unlocks the mysteries of 
spiritual life and death. 



SPIRITUAL TRUTHS APPLIED TO THE LIVING 
HEAD. 



The value, importance, and necessity 
of applying the Truth, as exemplified and 
taught by Christ, to the living character, 
will be realized when the Divine principle 
becomes so developed that man comprehends 
the unity of life, and understands the Word 



342 

of God as directly applicable to his living 
characteristics. 

The unity of the Divine principle with 
mankind is what every thoughtful person 
ought to seriously consider. The degree of 
the Divine principle of Godlikeness in the 
creature depends first upon the inheritance 
that the living organism receives from its 
parents ; principles of the truth, representing 
Godlikeness ; principles of the lie represent- 
ing Devillikeness. 

A character may start with both a 
spiritual and carnal life, with the probabili- 
ties greatly in favor of the last being the 
largest as that is the case in a very great 
majority. 

The spirit or principle of a new charac- 
ter is a part of the spirit of God. A man 
may develop into Godlikeness, by discern- 
ing the things of the spirit and thus become 
spiritually alive ; or he may be developed 
into Devillikeness, by making active the 
carnal nature, which subdues the voice of 
conscience and he thus becomes spiritual^ 7 
dead. The physical has nothing to do with 
the spiritual death. 

Let us apply the truths of the Bible, 
spiritually interpreted, to the character and 



343 

see if we can perceive new light in the relation 
that man snstains to the Divine, and the 
growth of the spiritual nature in him. 

It is very necessary to understand, that 
while the Scriptures bear a literal interpre- 
tation, all through them runs a likeness or 
similitude to spiritual truths. This is espec- 
ially so in the New Testament : " The letter 
killeth the spirit giveth life." Receive the 
letter or literal interpretation, but acquire 
the spirit, and apply its teaching to human 
character and intellect. 

"In the beginning God created the 
Heaven and the earth." Receive and believe 
this account of the creation of the literal 
Earth and Heaven, with all the material 
universe ; but there is a spiritual meaning to 
be derived from it and applied to man. The 
Heaven and Earth, represent the two 
natures of man, in other places called the 
Heavenly and the Earthly Kingdom : the 
Spiritual and the Carnal nature. The light 
and darkness of the creation, are figurative 
of the light and darkness which Christ re- 
ferred to in his disciples. The light rep- 
resents the day or Heavenly nature. In 
Heaven there is no night. Darkness repre- 
sents the night or carnal nature. "For 



344 

every one that doeth evil hateth the light," 
"But he that doeth truth cometh to the 
light." 

In Revelations the abode of the redeemed 
is spoken of as a condition and place where 
there is no night, (darkness or evil.) God 
saw the light that it was good, and God di- 
vided the light from the darkness, that is 
he separated the light and darkness : Hea- 
venly and Carnal natures. 

God made the firmament, and divided 
the waters that were under it from the 
waters that were above. Firmament repre- 
sents the Heavenly nature which was divided 
from the Earthly under it. Water or waters 
represent the word or words of truth or 
error. Right words represent truth, Christ, 
the God in man. Wrong words the Lie or 
Devil in man. "By their fruits ye shall 
know them.*' Fruits, deeds, works, words 
mean the same. 

So God divided or set a boundary be- 
tween what was Heavenly and Earthly in 
the character. God also established lights 
in the firmament, higher nature, to give 
light unto the earth, lower nature. He also 
made two great lights and set them in the 
firmament to give light upon the Earth, 



• 345 

the greater light to rule the day, and the 
lesser to rule the uight. The great light 
representing the day or Heavenly wisdom 
in the nature. The lesser light of the 
night which is Earthly wisdom. He made 
the stars also, representing other faculties 
of the character. 

Jesus, the true Word, says "I am the 
light of the world, he that followeth me 
shall have the light of life. He that drinketh 
of the water (words of life) that I shall give 
him shall never thirst, but it shall be in him 
a well of water (fountain of words) springing 
up into everlasting life." 

Now the earth brought forth fruit after 
its kind, the w T ater also brought forth the 
living creatures. These living creatures 
represent living thoughts, words, deeds and 
works that flow out from our Earthly, to be 
developed into the Heavenly nature, repre- 
sented by the firmament of Heaven ; or 
developed into the beastly nature, if man 
so elect, represented by creeping animals. 
"Be fruitful, multiply, replenish the earth 
and subdue it." God took the man and 
placed him in the Garden of Eden to keep 
it and dress it. We see the spiritual appli- 
cation of this to the living character. The 



346 

Garden of Eden represents the character of 
man. The word Eden is derived from a 
Hebrew word meaning delight, pleasure. 
It is also used as Paradise, Heaven. 

The character of man was according to 
the Bible account without sin, consequently 
perfect, a paradise : Heaven on earth. But 
by disobediance the character lost its high 
function of holiness and became a corrupted 
nature which was transmitted to generation 
after generation, until man became so sinful 
that he no longer inclined to God and holi- 
ness but to false gods and unholiness. The 
edict however was sent forth: "Choose ye 
this day whom ye will serve, God of Heav- 
en, or God of Earth." 

It is the part of wisdom in considering 
these things to accept the literal in order 
to discern the spiritual truth and apply it to 
the present condition of man ; this is the way 
to secure the benefit of all Bible truth. 

The Garden of Eden represents man 
with the living spirit of God in him, to rule 
over, keep, dress and subdue. To be fruitful, 
multiply and replenish, so as to bring forth 
abundantly of right thoughts, words and 
works which are the fruits of righteous- 
ness. 



347 

In order that this may be accomplished 
man mnst choose the seed to be sown. If 
man be now earthly in his nature, shall he 
continue thus? Or is the earthly condition 
but a preparation or seed time that will de- 
velop light or darkness in the character? 
"For every one that doeth evil hateth the 
light, but he that doeth truth cometh to the 
light." Christ is the spirit of light. Satan 
the spirit of darkness. Now we see that the 
choice is that which will develop either the 
heavenly or earthly nature and bring forth 
fruits accordingly. "Now the works of the 
flesh are manifest, which are these : adultery, 
fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idol- 
atry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, 
wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, 
murders, drunkenness, revelings and such 
like ;" these refer to the carnal nature. " But 
the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, long- 
suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meek- 
ness, temperance "these refer to the Heavenly 
nature. 

The question to be considered is, which 
is the largest in our character ; truth or false- 
hood? Which seed are we sowing? "What- 
soever a man soweth that shall he also reap." 
If the principle of the spiritual nature of 



348 

right words and deeds be the largest and if 
we use them as Christ taught, then we are 
sowing "to the spirit and shall of the spirit 
reap life everlasting." Bnt if we are sowing 
to the "flesh we shall of the flesh reap cor- 
ruption." 

We do not need to wait for the harvest, 
the returns of our sowing come soon and 
abundant. We get pay in the same kind and 
quality as that which we sow, whether it be 
the principle of truth, Heavenly wisdom, 
purity and light, or error, worldly wisdom, 
impurity and darkness. 

These are seeds sown in the character, 
the one kind belonging to the heavenly, the 
other to the earthly Kingdom. Christ says 
that the Kingdom of Heaven is like a grain 
of mustard seed which a man took and sowed 
in his field and it grew until the birds of the 
air lodged in the branches thereof. 

The mustard seed represents a small 
seed of truth, field the Garden of Eden of 
man's character, birds of the air represent 
high thoughts to lodge in the branches of 
character, that spread out and bear fruit. 
Christ is the Truth. The question is then, 
which character do we live the spiritual or 
the carnal ? How may we gain the one to 



349 

be desired? By being born again of the 
water and spirit, thus we may sow to 
the spirit and reap the Heavenly Kingdom, 
which is illuminated by that light which 
needs no sun or moon, for the Light which 
light eth every man is within and gives 
light unto all in the house. 

"Let your light so shine before men 
that they may see your good works and 
glorify your Father in Heaven." 

"But whoso looketh into the perfect law 
of liberty, and continueth therein, he being 
not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, 
this man shall be blessed in his deed." 

"If ye know these things, happy are ye 
if ye do them." 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



SPIRIT. UALHARMONY 
ESSENTIAL 



TO 



SALVATION. 



35* 



353 



SPIRITUAL HARMONY ESSENTIAL 
TO SALVATION. 



In the preceding chapters on the relation 
of the faculties of the brain, we have endeav- 
ored to set forth the underlying and inner- 
most principles in reference to the Carnal 
and Spiritual natures. 

We have also observed that the Carnal 
nature relates to the seen and temporal 
things of life, and the Spiritual to those 
that are unseen and eternal. 

The Word of God that liveth forever 
says: " The natural (earthly) man receiveth 
not the things of the spirit of God, for they 
are foolishness unto him ; neither can he 
know them, for they are spiritually dis- 
cerned. But he that is spiritual judgeth, 
discerneth, all things ; yet he himself is 
judged of no man." 

Again the Word of God is "Thou, God, 
will keep him in perfect peace, whose mind 

(23) 



354 

is stayed on thee." Stayed means fixed, 
secure. Then in order to be kept of God, the 
mind must be fixed on him the spirit who 
is infinite, eternal and unchangeable. The 
question now arises, can the mind be stayed 
or fastened to the spirit of God, when it and 
the faculties that operate through it are 
carnal ? 

"For to be carnally minded is death, but 
to be spiritually minded is life and peace ;" 
" because the carnal mind is enmity against 
God." While then the man's mind is 
against God, it cannot be sta}^ed on him, 
consequently God cannot keep that mind in 
peace until it is changed or transformed from 
the carnal to the spiritual.; but when this 
occurs the thoughts, words and deeds begin 
to operate in an opposite direction to that 
hitherto pursued. By this operation the 
activity of the faculties of the brain will also 
be changed, and the mind will become trans- 
formed from the Carnal to the Spiritual. 

This is called right growth, or develop- 
ment of the brain. It is commonly called 
growth in the grace and knowledge of the 
Lord Jesus Christ. 



355 

It is evident that to be "kept of God," 
there must be harmony between him and 
man's spirit, both being spiritual. 

If the mind be carnal it will not have 
peace but unrest. The peace that the world 
gives is only outward or superficial moral 
rest, not the inward spiritual rest that God 
gives to those who are in harmony with, and 
united to him. 

"There is a peace that passeth under- 
standing." Understanding represents world- 
ly wisdom. Heavenly wisdom or fear of the 
Lord passeth understanding, because it is 
spiritual and therefore above. But a right 
understanding leads to Heavenly wisdom. 

Peter, one of the great apostles of our 
Lord, mentions those "who are kept by the 
power of God, through faith unto salvation." 
This indicates that one of the conditions of 
being kept is faith. " Faith cometh by hear- 
ing and hearing by the Word of God." The 
living Word of God is Christ in man. Faith 
cometh through and by Christ, man's cooper- 
ation with him, and consequently those who 
are kept by the power of God must be like 
unto Christ. 



356 

" Faith is tlie substance of things hoped 
for, the evidence of things not seen." "We 
are saved by hope." Hope is waiting. 

" For what a man seeth, why doth he yet 
hope for : but if we hope for that we see 
not, then do we with patience wait for it." 

Therefore the mind that is stayed on 
God, will be kept through faith and hope. 
" He that believeth shall not make haste." 
" Rest (abide) in the Lord and wait patient- 
ly for Him." Resting in God brings peace 
to the spirit, and through the spirit to the 
mind, the mind at ease brings peace and rest 
to the body. 

They who are kept are- "strengthened 
with might by his spirit in -the inner man." 
By inner man is meant the unseen principle 
or invisible spirit. They are therefore able to 
discern the principle of faith, which is the 
substance of things not seen, the evidence 
of things looked for. The evidence of the 
substance of faith is a Christlike life, and 
works that are the result of the harmony of 
spirit in God and man. 

The man of faith is the ship that carries 
hope which is as an anchor to the soul, i. e. 
something to hold the vessel to keep it, not 
let it drift and be lost. 



357 

Faith and Hope will keep the mind 
fixed or fastened on God, and therefore safe, 
and in peace, being strengthened with might 
by his spirit in the inner man. 

Belief alone is not faith. It is the begin- 
ning bnt not the ending. "The devils believe 
and tremble." Believing is the mental ac- 
tion required in coming to God, with sorrow 
and repentance ; then comes the action of the 
spirit wherein the creature is born again. 
Faith is the result of this birth, i. e. change 
of heart, and consequently of life, from the 
Carnal to the Spiritual nature. 

Faith will make itself manifest in words 
and deeds, which is evidence that the branch 
abides in the Vine. The true substance of 
Faith is the fruit of a Godly life. 

Many people have the faculty that gives 
belief but being forgetful hearers and not 
doers of the Word, they do not grow in grace 
or rightly develop their faculties, consequent- 
ly their requirement is more faith. 

Now having faith and hope, the mind 
is like one who waits for the coming of his 
Lord: "Blessed are those servants whom 



358 

the Lord when he cometh shall find watch- 
ing." 

Watching and waiting are two necessary 
adjuncts in the mind of faith and hope. "He 
that believeth shall not make haste." 

"Watch ye therefore." Waiting and 
watching do not imply inactivity, but restful, 
present alertness. "Rest in the Lord and 
wait patiently for him." "Delight thyself 
also in the Lord and he shall give thee the 
desire of thine heart." It is impossible for 
those minds to rest, when the faculties are 
so developed as to produce disquietude and 
activity in planning for future safety, for- 
getting that now is the accepted, the only 
time. All through the Scriptures are the 
thoughts of God to keep those minds who are 
stayed on Him and to keep now. 

It is important for man to realize the fact 
that the saving power of God is manifest now 
and it is not necessary in order to be saved 
to wait till the time comes when our connec- 
tion with mortality is disolved. Man may 
by the grace of God, enter the joys of heaven 
while he is clothed with mortality. 

Now is eternal life to those minds who 
are stayed in Him, and who partake of his 
nature, and have passed from death into life, 



359 

by the operation of the spirit. Therefore 
rejoice being "kept by the power of God 
through faith," "Strengthened with might 
by his spirit in the inner man," hav- 
ing hope in God. "Wait and watch" 
having oil in the lamp, giving light, that ye 
may see the way, and not walk in darkness. 
"Sow to the spirit and of the spirit reap life 
eternal." 

We conclude therefore that in order to 
develop a right growth of grace it is necessa- 
ry to restrain the Carnal, and make active 
the Spiritual faculties. 

"Thou hast given a banner to them that 
fear thee, that it may be displayed because 
of the truth." What is the banner here re- 
ferred to, and how does it relate to The 
Truth ? "I will recompense their way upon 
their head," what does this imply ? 

"Set a mark upon the foreheads of men." 
What is the significance of this mark? 

"Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor 
the trees, till we have sealed the servants of 
our God in their foreheads." And it was 
commanded that they should not hurt the 
grass of the earth, neither any tree, but only 
those men which have not the seal of the ser- 



360 

vants of God in their foreheads." What is 
the seal or mark in the foreheads of the ser- 
vants of God? 

"Nevertheless the foundation of God 
standeth snre having this seal, the Lord 
knoweth them that are his." 

These passages and many more which 
the reader will readily recall, show that the 
principles tanght in the science set forth in 
this book are interiorly described in the 
Sacred Scriptures, and Craniognomy, al- 
though a modern discovery, is in fact as old 
as truth. Its application to the delineation 
of character and the regulation of conduct ^ in 
conformity with the laws of human formation 
and development is destined to greatly ac- 
celerate the perfection of man as a being with 
whom and in whom dwelleth the Son and 
Father in all his fullness and glory. [St. John 
XVII -.21—26.] 

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